JUSTICE Will Be Served - Human Rights

Showing posts with label Nazi Doctors. Show all posts

Friday, February 13, 2009

Oliveira - Brazilian Lawyer Attacked By Neo Nazis in Switzerland

NEO NAZI ATTACK IN SWITZERLAND
Why do Neo Nazis still exist? Why did they attack a Brazilian Woman (with Twins) in Switzerland?
(Swiss Authorities are NOW claiming this widely circulated media story is fictitious. Who do you trust?)

I have just finished a series of posts to Justice Will Be Served about Nazi Germany and the importance of the UDHR. One of these posts addresses the inhumane experiments of Nazi Doctors during the war. Dr Mengele is well known for having carried out experiments on Twins in Auschwitz (Oświęcim) Concentration Camp. He was never caught and prosecuted. After the war, Brazil gave Dr Mengele sanctuary and refuge for 19 years, until his death in 1979. For more information about Dr Mengele and the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial go to 5NAZI GERMANY - THE DOCTORS & MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS and for 2NAZI GERMANY - EUGENICS, RACIAL PURITY & PERSECUTION.

PAULA OLIVEIRA, 26, BRAZILIAN LAWYER ATTACKED BY NEO NAZIS
ON MONDAY 9 FEBRUARY 2009
IN STETTBACH TRAIN STATION, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
P.O. lives and works in Dubendorf, Switzerland.

Police are investigating claims by a Brazilian woman that she was attacked with a Stanley Knife in Stettbach train station, Zurich by three skinhead youths sporting Neo Nazi symbols. One of the assailants was described as having a swastika tattooed on the back of his head. They are thought to be members of the extreme right wing political party, which fiercely opposes immigration.

The lawyer was on her way home from work on Monday when she was approached by the men as she was speaking in Portuguese to her mother on a cell phone.

The lawyer's legs and abdomen were slashed with the blade. Her attackers carved 'SVP', the initials of the extreme right wing political party "Schweizerische Volkspartei" (Swiss People's Party), on her legs and belly. (SVP is also the abbreviation for: Go HERE)

In a statement printed in the Brazilian media, the Swiss police said: "Shortly after 7.30pm, a man called Zurich police to ask for help for a woman at the Stettbach train station. On arrival, officers found the 26-year-old Brazilian with superficial cuts on her body. It was possible to recognize letters carved into her skin. The woman said she had been attacked by three men at the station, who kicked her several times and hurt her with a knife. She also said she was pregnant and that she suffered miscarriage in a toilet near the station after the attack. Officers took the woman to the hospital for further enquiries."

The 26-year-old lawyer says she miscarried twins immediately after the attack. But at a news conference on Friday afternoon, Zurich police said she had not been pregnant at the time.

She has now returned to her hometown of Recife, in Brazil, accompanied by her family following the attack.

Even before the independent gynecological and forensic conclusions were released, some Swiss newspapers and politicians had suggested the woman's story might have been made up, like some other alleged attacks. (The list of actual attacks in Europe outweighs the few hoax attacks, to which they refer.)

PICTURE: 5VP OR SVP (A blade could have rounded the S on the Legs, if this was the intended character.)

BRAZIL DEMANDS PROBE!
Brazil has called for a full inquiry into allegations one of its citizens was subjected to a racist attack in Zurich. The Swiss ambassador to Brazil had been summoned by the foreign minister, Celso Amorim, who expressed "deep concern" over a "case with an obvious xenophobic motive".

PAULA OLIVEIRA'S PARTNER
Oliveira's fiance, investment consultant Marco Trepp (Swiss Citizen), claimed she was still terrified by the attack, which he said occurred only days after she accepted his marriage proposal.

"She's in a post-traumatic phase, scared of everything, especially to walk on the street," Trepp told the Folha de Sao Paulo newspaper. "Last night, she had lots of nightmares. She couldn't sleep well. She woke up sweating, screaming."

PAULA OLIVEIRA'S FATHER
The woman's father has blamed Swiss police for dragging their feet on a potentially embarrassing investigation and criticized those who suggested his daughter had lied.

"They're trying to transform the victim into a criminal. This is the tactic of a Nazi militia," Paulo Oliveira told the O Estado de Sao Paulo newspaper.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Swiss Police: Woman May Have Faked Skinhead Attack (Latest) - 13 February 2009 - Associated Press
Doubts Grow Over Skinhead 'Knife Attack' on Brazilian Woman - 13 February 2009 - The Guardian (UK)
Pregnant Brazilian Attacked With Knife by Neo-Nazis in Switzerland - 13 February 2009 - The Telegraph (UK)
Shocking Attack on Brazilian Woman In Switzerland - 13 February 2009 - Associated Press
Brazil Demands Probe into Alleged Racist Attack - 13 February 2009 - swissinfo.ch

Tuesday, February 10, 2009

6NAZI GERMANY - STERILIZATION AND EUTHANASIA PROGRAMS

NAZI GERMANY - THE STERILIZATION AND EUTHANASIA PROGRAMS

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Clearly States:

Article 3 - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 25 - Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

*

There are nine posts in this series on Nazi Germany. Each post touches briefly on the subject given that there are already numerous research papers, articles and books, covering each topic in depth. Many links are included in each post. For the reasoning behind writing these posts, read the Introduction HERE.

0 INTRODUCTION - Why this Series of Posts?

1 UN CHARTER & UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Why WWII Drove The Creation Of The UDHR.

2 EUGENICS, RACIAL PURITY AND PERSECUTION - The US Influenced Nazi Germany's Eugenics Program. A Snapshot of the Diverse Groups Persecuted and Imprisoned in Concentration Camps. The Nuremberg Trial, Which Dealt With Racial Purity - RuSHA (USA vs. Ulrich Greifelt et al).
3 FORCED AND SLAVE LABOUR - Without Forced and Slave Labour the Nazi War Machine would have Collapsed and Brought the War to an Abrupt End. A Brief History of Forced and Slave Labour Before, During and After World War II. Details of The Nuremberg Trials for German Industrialists - Flick, Krupp and IG Farben.
4 FORCED PROSTITUTION, SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND RAPE - Sexual Crimes Were Not Tried at Nuremberg even though There Were Established Laws Condemning These Crimes. Information About Nazi Military Brothels and Concentration Camp Brothels. Evidence and Testimonies from Witnesses. Both Axis and Allied Forces were Guilty of Sexual Violence and Rape.

5 NAZI DOCTORS EXPERIMENTS AND TRIALS - The Nazi Doctors' Nuremberg Trial and Details of Their Experiments. Names of Nazi Doctors who Escaped Prosecution. Information about Post War Unethical Experiments Without Informed Consent, in the USA, Russia, South Africa and Israel.

6 STERILIZATION AND EUTHANASIA PROGRAMS - Life “Unworthy of Life” A Brief History of the Sterilization and the Euthanasia Programs and German Public Opposition. Using Cost Benefits Analysis in Nazi Medicine to Educate Children.
7 WORLD WAR II BY DESIGN – THE ECONOMY AND FOREIGN INVESTORS - An Important Component of Nazi Germany's War Infrastructure. Brief History of the German Economy and Hermann Goering's Four Year Plan. Role of Jewish Public Protests and their Boycott of German Goods in 1933 and Germany's Retaliatory Actions. The Real Role of Neutral Countries During the War. Post War Looting of German Patents, Cover Up of German Research on Tobacco and Cancer and the Removal/Kidnap of Nazi Experts to Allied Countries. The Role of Foreign Subsidiaries/Investors before and during World War II in Germany.
8 UNWCC (UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION) LAW REPORTS - The UNWCC prepared and published a 15 volume set of law reports covering 89 War Crimes Trials From World War II. This post contains links to all of these law reports and a list of the cases in each volume. Some information on CROWCASS (Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects).

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NAZI GERMANY - THE STERILIZATION AND EUTHANASIA PROGRAMS

Hitler was in favour of killing those whom he judged to be Life "Unworthy Of Life." Those deemed mentally and physically unfit to work for the state and provide financial support for the family were targeted with the Sterilization and Euthanasia Programs.

HISTORY OF THE STERILIZATION AND EUTHANASIA PROGRAMS
Before the Nazis came to power, the German Eugenics movement had an extreme wing, led by Alfred Hoche and Karl Binding, who as early as 1920 had advocated killing those with lives judged to be "unworthy living". They wrote an influential text with the title, Permitting the Destruction of Unworthy Life. Their views gained ground after 1930, when the Depression caused sharp cuts in funding to state mental hospitals, creating squalor and overcrowding.

Most German eugenicists were already strongly nationalist and anti-Semitic, and embraced the Nazi regime with enthusiasm. Physicians were among the first to support National Socialism in Germany. The National Socialist Physicians League was formed in 1929. By early 1933, almost 3,000 physicians (6% of the entire medical profession) had joined the League. By late 1933, 11,000 physicians were members. Undoubtedly, some joined not out of conviction but out of occupational necessity.

On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of the Third Reich. On 14 July 1933, the Law for the “Prevention of Genetically Defective Progeny” was passed, mandating the involuntary sterilization by vasectomy or tubal ligation of people with a range of conditions thought to be hereditary: schizophrenia, epilepsy, chronic alcoholism, the insane, the blind, the deaf, the deformed, Huntington's chorea and "imbecility", retardation or better understood as the “weak-minded”. At the same time, to encourage population growth among the Aryan race, the regime restricted access to contraception and outlawed voluntary sterilization as well as abortion, unless it was necessary to save the mother’s life.

In the first year of the Sterilization Act, Germany’s genetic health courts received 84,525 physician initiated applications and reached 64,499 decisions, 56,244 in favour. Doctors competed to fulfill sterilization quotas; sterilization research and engineering rapidly became one of the largest medical industries. Medical supply companies made a substantial amount of money designing sterilization equipment. Medical students wrote at least 183 doctoral theses exploring the criteria, methods, and consequences of sterilization.

Within 2 years, up to 1% of citizens aged 17 to 24 years had been sterilized. Within 4 years, about 300,000 patients had been sterilized, at least one-half for “feeble mindedness,” as evidenced by their failing scientifically designed intelligence tests.

During the 1930s the Nazi Party carried out a campaign of propaganda in favour of "Euthanasia." The National Socialist Racial and Political Office (NSRPA) produced leaflets, posters and short films to be shown in cinemas, pointing out to Germans the cost of maintaining asylums for the incurably ill and insane. These films included The Inheritance (Das Erbe, 1935) and The Victim of the Past (Opfer der Vergangenheit, 1937), which was given a major premiere in Berlin and was shown in all German cinemas.

In 1935, a young protégé of Ernst Rüdin’s, Dr Franz J Kallman, presented a paper at the Berlin International Congress for Population Science, in which he argued for the sterilization of even the apparently healthy relatives of those with schizophrenia, along with the patients themselves, to eliminate defective genes. Kallmann’s genetic studies were used partly to justify the murder of patients, many of them children.

Hitler told the Reich Doctors' Leader, Dr Gerhard Wagner in 1935, that the question of Euthanasia for “life unworthy of life” could not be taken up in peacetime. The outbreak of war in 1939 thus opened up for Hitler the possibility of carrying out a policy he had long favoured.

Preparing for war, Hitler decided that mental illness and physical disability were not sufficient grounds for occupying hospital beds. People with severe disabilities, even when sterilized, still needed institutional care at the expense of the state and occupied places in facilities which would soon be needed for wounded soldiers and people evacuated from bombed cities.

In a 1939 conference with health minister Leonardo Conti and the head of the Reich Chancellery, Hans Lammers, prior to Hitler's Euthanasia decree, Hitler gave examples of "Life Unworthy Of Life" as severely mentally ill people who could only be bedded on sawdust or sand because they "perpetually dirtied themselves," or who "put their own excrement into their mouths, eating it and so on."

In July 1939, Brandt and Bouhler held a meeting with Dr Leonardo Conti, Reich Health Leader and state secretary for health in the Interior Ministry, and Professor Werner Heyde, head of the SS medical department. This meeting made preliminary arrangements for a national register of all institutionalized people with mental illnesses or physical disabilities.

According to a decree from 18 August 1939, the Nazis enacted the obligatory registration of all births of physically and mentally handicapped children. These children up to three years had to be reported to the public health offices.

In October 1939, the program for killing adults with mental or physical disabilities began with a letter issued by Hitler. The letter/decree charged Bouhler and Brack with "enlarging the authority of certain physicians, to be designated by name, in such a manner that persons who, according to human judgment, are incurable, can, upon a most careful diagnosis of their condition of sickness, be accorded a mercy death.". No law authorizing medical killing was ever debated or passed by the Reichstag.

Hitler's decree/letter was backdated to 1 September to provide "legality" to the killings already carried out, and to link the program more definitely to the war, giving it a rationale of wartime necessity and to cover the initial phases of the invasion of Poland. The first adults with disabilities to be killed by the Nazi regime were not Germans but Poles. The SS cleared hospitals and mental asylums of the "Wartheland", a region of western Poland which was earmarked for resettlement by ethnic Germans, following the German conquest of Poland. In the Danzig (now Gdańsk) area, some 7,000 Polish inmates of various institutions were shot, while 10,000 were killed in the Gdynia area.

The Nazi Germany Euthanasia Program or Action T4 commenced in October 1939 and continued through August 1941. During this period, physicians killed 70,273 people, identified as suffering patients "judged incurably sick, by critical medical examination". The program was administered by T4 or "Tiergartenstraße 4", the HQ of the General Foundation for Welfare and Institutional Care. This foundation was directed by Philipp Bouhler, the head of Hitler's private chancellery, and Dr Karl Brandt, Hitler's personal physician.

Euthanasia later found its way to the concentration camps under the program code-named 14f13. 14f referred to the code number for the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps, and 13 referred to the “special treatment of sick and frail prisoners.” The program was devised by Himmler to rid the camps of sick prisoners.

In early October 1939 all hospitals, nursing homes, old-age homes, sanatoria were required to report all patients who had been institutionalized for five years or more, were unable to work, who had been committed as "criminally insane", who were of "non-Aryan race", or who had been diagnosed with any of a list of specified conditions. These conditions included schizophrenia, Epilepsy, Huntington's chorea, advanced syphilis, senile dementia, paralysis, encephalitis and "terminal neurological conditions generally". Many doctors and administrators assumed that the purpose of the reports was to identify inmates who were capable of being drafted for "labour service". They therefore tended to overstate the degree of incapacity of their patients, to protect them from labour conscription — with fatal consequences.

Forty-eight doctors were appointed to review nearly 300,000 applications for Euthanasia; of these, about 75,000 patients were selected for death. When some institutions, mainly in Catholic areas refused to co-operate, teams of T4 doctors (or in some cases Nazi medical students) visited them and compiled their own lists, sometimes in a very haphazard and ideologically motivated way. At the same time, all Jewish patients were removed from institutions and were killed during 1940.

The killing of children with mental and physical disabilities was carried out in so-called Specialized Children’s Departments, following the decree from August 1939. The parents of the deceased child were informed via form letter that the infant had died of pneumonia or another made-up cause. Although the children’s program was initially restricted to children under 3 years, this age limit was soon extended. As with the child inmates, adults had their cases assessed by a panel of "experts," working at the Tiergartenstraße offices. The experts were required to make their judgments solely on the basis of the reports. On each they marked a + (meaning death), a - (meaning life), or occasionally a ? meaning that they were unable to decide. Three "death" verdicts condemned the person concerned.

At first adult patients were killed by lethal injection, the method established for killing children, but the slowness and inefficiency of this method for killing adults, who needed larger doses of increasingly scarce and expensive drugs and who were more likely to need restraint, was soon apparent. Hitler himself recommended to Brandt that carbon monoxide gas be used. At the Nuremberg trials, Brandt described this as a "major advance in medical history".

The first gassings took place at Brandenburg an der Havel in January 1940, under the supervision of Widmann and Christian Wirth, a Kripo (criminal police) officer who was later to play a prominent role in the "final solution" extermination of the Jews. Once the efficacy of this method was established, it became standardized and was instituted at a number of centers across Germany. As well as Brandenburg, these included Grafeneck in Baden-Württemberg {10,824 dead}, Schloss Hartheim near Linz in Austria {over 8,000 dead}, Sonnenstein in Saxony {15,000 dead}, Bernburg in Saxony-Anhalt and Hadamar in Hesse {14,494 dead}. As well as killing patients from mental homes, nursing homes and sanatoria, these centers were also used to kill prisoners transferred from concentration camps in Germany and Austria.

For every German killed, a death certificate was prepared, giving a false but plausible cause of death, and sent to the family along with an urn of ashes (random ashes, since the victims were cremated en masse).

During 1940 rumours of what was taking place spread, and many Germans withdrew their relatives from asylums and sanatoria to care for them at home – often with great expense and difficulty. In some places doctors and psychiatrists co-operated with families to have patients discharged, or, if the families could afford it, had them transferred to private clinics where the reach of T4 did not extend.

It was impossible to keep the T4 Euthanasia program secret, given that thousands of doctors, nurses and administrators were involved in it, and given that the majority of those killed had families who were actively concerned about their welfare. In some cases families could tell that the causes of death notified were false, e.g. when a patient was claimed to have died of appendicitis, even though his appendix had been surgically removed some years earlier. In other cases several families in the same town would receive death certificates on the same day. In Hadamar ashes containing human hair rained down on the town........

Originally a prison, The Hadamar Institute near Wiesbaden in Hessen-Nassau became a State mental hospital in 1906, closing by 1939 to serve as a military hospital. By 1940, headed by Dr. Erst Baumgard, it became a Euthanasia center with the T-4 program. To disguise the exterminations, by 1941, it was again converted to hospital beds, only to reopen in 1942 for the purpose of further Euthanasia. At the end of the war, it was converted to a displaced persons institution for the ill, the elderly and others. The head nurse was Irmgard Huber.

In 1940 protest letters began to arrive at the Reich Chancellery and the Ministry of Justice, some of them from Nazi Party members. The first open protest against the removal of people from asylums took place at Absberg in Franconia in February 1941, and others followed.

Opposition to the T4 policy sharpened after the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, because the war in the east produced for the first time large-scale German casualties, and the hospitals and asylums began to fill up with maimed and disabled young German soldiers. Rumours began to circulate that these men would also be subject to "Euthanasia", although in fact no such plans existed.

In July 1941 the Catholic Church broke its silence when a pastoral letter from the bishops was read out in all churches, declaring that it was wrong to kill (except in self-defence or in a morally justified war). A few weeks after the pastoral letter was read out, the Catholic Bishop of Münster in Westphalia, Clemens August Graf von Galen, publicly denounced the T4 program in a sermon, and telegrammed his text to Hitler, calling on "the Führer to defend the people against the Gestapo.”

In August 1941 Galen was even more outspoken, broadening his attack to include the Nazi persecution of religious orders and the closing of Catholic institutions. Galen's sermons were of course not reported in the German press, but they were widely circulated in the form of illegally printed leaflets. Local Nazis asked for Galen to be arrested, but Goebbels told Hitler that if this happened there would be an open revolt in Westphalia. By August 1941 the protests had spread to Bavaria.

On 24 August 1941 Hitler ordered the cancellation of the T4 program, and also issued strict instructions to the Gauleiters that there were to be no further provocations of the churches for the duration of the war.

Operations at Brandenburg and Grafeneck were wound up at the end of 1940, partly because the areas they served had been "cleared" and partly because of public opposition, however in 1941, the centres at Bernberg and Sonnenstein increased their operations, while Hartheim (where Wirth and Franz Stangl were successively commandants) continued as before. As a result, another 35,000 people were killed before August 1941, when the T4 program was shut down.

The winding up of the T4 program did not bring the killing of people with disabilities to a complete end. The killing of both adults and children continued to the end of the war, on the local initiative of institute directors and party leaders. The methods reverted to those employed before the gas chambers were employed: lethal injection, or simple starvation.

COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS
Cost–benefit analysis were a prominent feature of Nazi medicine. Schoolchildren were sent home with mathematics problems that required balancing the cost of housing units for young couples against the costs of looking after “the crippled, the criminal and the insane.”

The killing of 70,000 patients in the T4 program was calculated

to save 245,955.50 Reichsmarks daily, which freed up “4,781,339.72 kg of bread, 19,754,325.27 kg of potatoes,” a total of “33,733,003.40 kg” of 17 categories of food, plus “2,124,568 eggs.”

Projected over 10 years, these savings were predicted to amount to “400,244,520 kg” of 20 categories of food worth “141,775,573.80 Reichsmarks.”

Removal of these patients from the wards saved estimated hospital expenses of “245,955.50 Reichsmarks per day,” or “88,543,980.00 Reichsmarks per year.”

Further, the “State of Prussia invested annually 125 Reichsmarks for a normal pupil, 573 Reichsmarks for a slow learner, 950 Reichsmarks for an educable but mentally ill child, and 1500 Reichsmarks for a child born blind and deaf”.

POST WAR PROSECUTION AT THE NUREMBERG TRIALS
In December 1946, at the American Military Tribunal, The Doctors Trial, "Medical Case" (United States Vs Karl Brandt, et al.) 23 doctors and administrators were tried for their roles in war crimes and crimes against humanity. These crimes included the systematic killing of those deemed life "unworthy of life," including the mentally disabled, the institutionalized mentally ill, and the physically impaired.

The Nuremberg Trials found evidence that patients continued to be exterminated after October 1941 and 275,000 people were killed.

In 1990 previously unknown documents from the Nazi era, preserved in the central archives of the Ministry for State Security, were found in Berlin. Nearly 30,000 of the more than 70,000 psychiatric patient files surfaced. A sampling of 185 files indicated that most of the victims had been hospitalized over long periods and classified either as schizophrenic or feeble-minded. Five percent of the victims were not unproductive — They Were Employed!

LINKS

Eugenics and the Nazis -- The California Connection By Edwin Black
Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era (US Holocaust Memorial Museum)
The Sterilization Program - Nazi Germany
Euthanasia – Aktion T4 Background
Euthanasia Program (USHMM)
Nurses' Participation in the Nazi Euthanasia Program

Go To This Post For Numerous UDHR Translations:
UDHR (Universal Declaration Of Human Rights) in Arabic, Czech, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian & Spanish - Also Includes links to 359 translations of the UDHR.

5NAZI GERMANY - THE DOCTORS & MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS

NAZI GERMANY- THE DOCTORS AND THEIR UNETHICAL AND INHUMANE EXPERIMENTS

0 INTRODUCTION - Why this Series of Posts?

1 UN CHARTER & UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Why WWII Drove The Creation Of The UDHR.

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NAZI GERMANY- THE DOCTORS AND THEIR UNETHICAL AND INHUMANE EXPERIMENTS

This post primarily focuses on the inhumane experiments carried out by Nazi Germany during the war, in the concentration camps. A separate post deals exclusively with the Sterilization and Euthanasia Programs in detail, which was an integral part of securing Racial Purity.

WHICH WORLD WAR II TRIAL DEALT WITH NAZI DOCTORS & THEIR EXPERIMENTS?
Nuremburg Military Tribunal (NMT) - USA V Karl Brandt et al. (Case I – Also Known as The Doctors' Trial/The Medical Case) - From 9 December 1946 to 20 August 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany.

In this trial 23 doctors and administrators were accused of organizing and participating in war crimes and crimes against humanity in the form of medical experiments and medical procedures inflicted on prisoners of war and civilians. Many of the experiments were aimed at benefiting the GERMAN ARMED FORCES.

......acting in concert with each other and with others, unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly were principals in, accessories to, ordered, abetted, took a consenting part in, and were connected with plans and enterprises involving the commission of War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity....

Count Two (War Crimes) of the Indictment provides information about each experiment.

THE EXPERIMENTS

HIGH ALTITUDE EXPERIMENTS

The indictment states: From about March 1942 to about August 1942 experiments were conducted at the Dachau concentration camp, for the benefit of the GERMAN AIR FORCE, to investigate the limits of human endurance and existence at extremely high altitudes. The experiments were carried out in a low-pressure chamber in which the atmospheric conditions and pressures prevailing at high altitude (up to 68,000 feet) could be duplicated.

The experimental subjects were placed in the low-pressure chamber and thereafter the simulated altitude therein was raised. Many victims died as a result of these experiments and others suffered grave injury, torture, and ill-treatment. The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Schroeder, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Sievers, Ruff, Romberg, Becker-Freyseng, and Weltz are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

R. Brandt and Sievers were convicted.
High Altitude Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P92)

FREEZING EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about August 1942 to about May 1943 experiments were conducted at the Dachau concentration camp, primarily for the benefit of the GERMAN AIR FORCE, to investigate the most effective means of treating persons who had been severely chilled or frozen. In one series of experiments the subjects were forced to remain in a tank of ice water for periods up to 3 hours. Extreme rigor developed in a short time. Numerous victims died in the course of these experiments. After the survivors were severely chilled, rewarming was attempted by various means. In another series of experiments, the subjects were kept naked outdoors for many hours at temperatures below freezing. The victims screamed with pain as parts of their bodies froze.

The defendants Karl Brand, Handloser, Schroeder, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Sievers, Becker-Freyseng, and Weltz are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

R. Brandt, Handloser, Schroeder, and Sievers were convicted.
Freezing Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P198)

MALARIA EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about February 1942 to about April 1945 experiments were conducted at the Dachau concentration camp in order to investigate immunization for and treatment of malaria Healthy concentration-camp inmates were infected by mosquitoes or by injections of extracts of the mucous glands of mosquitoes. After having contracted malaria the subjects were treated with various drugs to test their relative efficacy. Over 1,000 involuntary subjects were used in these experiments. Many of the victims died and others suffered severe pain and permanent disability.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Rostock, Gebhardt, Blome, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, and Sievers are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

Sievers was convicted.
Malaria Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P278)

FATHER LEO MIECHALOWSKI - Excerpts from His Testimony HERE was entered as Evidence in the Medical Case. Father Miechalowski was selected against his will as a subject for medical experiments. He was intentionally infected with Malaria so that various compounds could be tested. Further, he was subjected to hypothermia experiments.

PICTURE:

FRIEDRICH HOFFMAN - A Czech priest, testifies at the trial of former camp personnel and prisoners from Dachau. In his hand he holds a packet of records that show that 324 priests died at the camp after being exposed to malaria during Nazi medical experiments.

MUSTARD "LOST" GAS EXPERIMENTS
The indictment states: At various times between September 1939 and April 1945 experiments were conducted at Sachsenhausen, Natzweiler, and other concentration camps for the benefit of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES to investigate the most effective treatment of wounds caused by Lost gas. Lost is a poison gas which is commonly known as mustard gas. Wounds deliberately inflicted on the subjects were infected with Lost. Some of the subjects died as a result of these experiments and others suffered intense pain and injury.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Blome, Rostock, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, and Sievers are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

K. Brandt, R. Brandt, and Sievers were convicted.
Mustard "Lost" Gas Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P314)

RAVENSBRUECK EXPERIMENTS CONCERNING SULFANILAMIDE AND OTHER DRUGS; BONE, MUSCLE AND NERVE REGENERATION AND BONE TRANSPLANTATION:

SULFANILAMIDE EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about July 1942 to about September 1943 experiments to investigate the effectiveness of sulfanilamide were conducted at the Ravensbrueck concentration camp for the benefit of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES. Wounds deliberately inflicted on the experimental subjects were infected with bacteria such as streptococcus, gas gangrene and tetanus. Circulation of blood was interrupted by tying off blood vessels at both ends of the wound to create a condition similar to that of a battlefield wound. Infection was aggravated by forcing wood shavings and ground glass into the wounds. The infection was treated with sulfanilamide and other drugs to determine their effectiveness. Some subjects died as a result of these experiments and others suffered serious injury and intense agony.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Rostock, Schroeder. Genzken, Gebhardt, Blome, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Becker-Freyseng, Oberheuser, and Fischer are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

K. Brandt, Fischer, Gebhardt, Handloser, Mrugowsky, and Oberheuser were convicted.
Sulfanilamide Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P354)

BONE, MUSCLE AND NERVE REGENERATION, AND BONE TRANSPLANT EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about September 1942 to about December 1943 experiments were conducted at the Ravensbrueck concentration camp, for the benefit of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES, to study bone, muscle and nerve regeneration, and bone transplantation from one person to another. Sections of bones, muscles, and nerves were removed from the subjects. As a result of these operations, many victims suffered intense agony, mutilation and permanent disability.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Rostock, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Oberheuser, and Fischer are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

Fischer, Gebhardt, and Oberheuser were convicted.
Bone, Muscle and Nerve Regeneration, and Bone Transplantation Experiments – More Trial Information HERE (P391)

Excerpts HERE from the Testimony of VLADISLAVA KAROLEWSKA, a victim of medical experiments, who appeared as a prosecution witness at the Doctors Trial. Karolewska was selected against her will as a subject in bone regeneration experiments.

PHOTO: JADWIGA DZIDO

JADWIGA DZIDO was a member of the Polish underground, who was deported to Ravensbrueck in March 1941. The disfiguring scars on her right leg were a result of incisions made by medical personnel that were purposely infected with bacteria, dirt and slivers of glass, in order to simulate the combat wounds of German soldiers fighting in the war. The inflamed area was then treated with sulphonamide drugs. Many of the prisoners subjected to these treatments died from their wounds. On December 17, 1946, Jadwiga Dzido presented evidence at the Nuremberg Medical Case trial of 23 former SS physicians.

MARIA KUSMIERCZUK PICTURED HERE - Her leg was disfigured by injections of tetanus bacteria as part of medical experiments carried out in the camp.

SEA-WATER EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about July 1944 to about September 1944 experiments were conducted at the Dachau concentration camp, for the benefit of the GERMAN AIR FORCE AND NAVY, to study various methods of making sea water drinkable. The subjects were deprived of all food and given only chemically processed sea water, Such experiments caused great pain and suffering and resulted in serious bodily injury to the victims.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Rostock, Schroeder, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Sievers, Becker-Freyseng, Schaefer, and Beiglboeck are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these.

Becker-Freyseng, Beiglboeck, Gebhardt, Schroeder, and Sievers were convicted.
Sea-Water Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P418)

EPIDEMIC JAUNDICE EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about June 1943 to about January 1945 experiments were conducted at the Sachsenhausen and Natzweiler concentration camps, for the benefit of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES, to investigate the causes of, and inoculations against, epidemic jaundice. Experimental subjects were deliberately infected with epidemic jaundice, some of whom died as a result, and others were caused great pain and suffering.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Rostock, Schroeder, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Sievers, Rose, and Becker-Freyseng are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

Brandt was convicted.
Epidemic Jaundice Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P494)

MASS STERILIZATION EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about March 1941 to about January 1945 sterilization experiments were conducted at the Auschwitz and Ravensbrueck concentration camps, and other places. The purpose of these experiments was to develop a method of sterilization which would be suitable for sterilizing millions of people with a minimum of time and effort. These experiments were conducted by means of X-ray, surgery, and various drugs. Thousands of victims were sterilized and thereby suffered great mental and physical anguish.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Brack, Pokorny, and Oberheuser are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

Brack, R. Brandt, and Gebhardt were convicted.
Mass Sterilization Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P694)

TYPHUS (FLECKFIEBER) "SPOTTED FEVER" AND OTHER VACCINE EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about December 1941 to about February 1945 experiments were conducted at the Buchenwald and Natzweiler concentration camps, for the benefit of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES, to investigate the effectiveness of spotted fever and other vaccines. At Buchenwald numerous healthy inmates were deliberately infected with spotted fever virus in order to keep the virus alive; over 90 percent of the victims died as a result. Other healthy inmates were used to determine tile effectiveness of different spotted fever vaccines and of various chemical substances. In the course of these experiments 75 percent of the selected number of inmates were vaccinated with one, of the vaccines or nourished with one of the chemical substances and, after a period of 3 to 4 weeks, were infected with spotted fever germs. The remaining 25 percent were infected without any previous protection in order to compare the effectiveness of the vaccines and the chemical substances. As a result, hundreds of the persons experimented upon died. Experiments with yellow fever, smallpox, typhus, paratyphus A and B, cholera. and diphtheria were also conducted. Similar experiments with like results were conducted at Natzweiler concentration camp.

The defendants Karl Brandt, Handloser, Rostock, Schroeder, Genzken, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, Mrugowsky, Poppendick, Sievers, Rose, Becker-Freyseng, and Hoven are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

R. Brandt, Genzken, Handloser, Hoven, Mrugowsky, Rose, Schroeder, and Sievers were convicted.
Typhus "Spotted Fever" & Other Vaccine Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P508)

POISON EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: In or about December 1943, and in or about October 1944, experiments were conducted at the Buchenwald concentration camp to investigate the effect of various poisons upon human beings. The poisons were secretly administered to experimental subjects in their food. The victims died as a result of the poison or were killed immediately in order to permit autopsies. In or about September 1944 experimental subjects were shot with poison bullets and suffered torture and death.

The defendants Genzken, Gebhardt, Mrugowsky, and Poppendick are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

Mrugowsky was convicted.
Poison Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P631)

INCENDIARY BOMB EXPERIMENTS
The Indictment States: From about November 1943 to about January 1944 experiments were conducted at the Buchenwald concentration camp to test the effect of various pharmaceutical preparations on phosphorous burns. These burns were inflicted on experimental subjects with phosphorous matter taken from incendiary bombs, and caused severe pain, suffering, and serious bodily injury.

The defendants Genzken, Gebhardt, Mrugowsky, and Poppendick are charged with special responsibility for and participation in these crimes.

All were acquitted.
Incendiary Bomb Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P639)

Phosphorous Burns - In the experiment, a mixture of phosphorus and rubber was applied to the skin and ignited. After twenty seconds, the fire was extinguished with water and then wiped with R17. After three days, the burn was treated with Echinacin in liquid form. After two weeks the wound had healed.

PHLEGMON EXPERIMENTS
The prosecution introduced evidence calculated to show that inhumane acts and atrocities, as generally alleged in paragraph 6 of the indictment, were committed in the course of phlegmon experiments. Those experiments were not specifically described in the subparagraphs of paragraph 6 of the indictment which particularized 12 specific types of experimentation.

On this charge the defendants Poppendick, Oberheuser, and Fischer were acquitted.
Phlegmon Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P653)

POLYGAL EXPERIMENTS
The prosecution introduced evidence calculated to show that inhumane acts and atrocities, as generally alleged in paragraph 6 of the indictment, were committed in the course of polygal experiments. These experiments were not specifically described in the subparagraphs of paragraph 6 of the indictment which particularized 12 specific types of experimentation.

On this charge the defendants Handloser, Blome, and Poppendick were acquitted and only the defendant Sievers was convicted.

Polygal Experiments – More Trial Information HERE (P669)

GAS OEDEMA (PHENOL) EXPERIMENTS
The prosecution introduced evidence calculated to show that inhuman acts and atrocities (as generally alleged in paragraph 6 of the indictment) were committed in the course of gas oedema experiments. These experiments were not specifically described in the subparagraphs of paragraph 6 of the indictment, which particularized 12 specific types of experimentation.

On this charge the defendants Mrugowsky and Hoven were convicted and the defendant Handloser was acquitted. Gas Oedema (Phenol) Experiments - More Trial Information HERE (P684)

JEWISH SKELETON COLLECTION
The Indictment States: Between June 1943 and September 1944 the defendants Rudolf Brandt and Sievers unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly committed war crimes, as defined by Article 11 of Control Council Law No. 10, in that they were principals in, accessories to, ordered, abetted, took a consenting part in, and were connected with plans and enterprises involving the murder of civilians and members of the armed forces of nations then at war with the German Reich and who were in the custody of the German Reich in exercise of belligerent control. One hundred twelve Jews were selected for the purpose of completing a skeleton collection for the Reich University of Strasbourg. Their photographs and anthropological measurements were taken. Then they were killed. Thereafter, comparison tests, anatomical research, studies regarding race, pathological features of the body, form and size of the brain, and other tests, were made. The bodies were sent to Strasbourg and defleshed.

R. Brandt and Sievers convicted.
Jewish Skeleton Collection - More Trial Information HERE (P738)

TUBERCULOSIS – INFECTION OF POLISH NATIONALS
The Indictment States: Between May 1942 and January 1941 * the defendants Blome and Rudolf Brandt unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly committed war crimes, as defined by Article 11 of Control Council Law No. 10, in that they were principals in, accessories to, ordered, abetted, took a consenting part in, and were connected with plans and enterprises involving the murder und mistreatment of tens of thousands of Polish nationals who were civilians and members of the armed forces of a nation then at war with the German Reich and who were in the custody of the German Reich in exercise of belligerent control. These people were alleged to be infected with incurable tuberculosis. On the ground of insuring the health and welfare of Germans in Poland, many tubercular Poles were ruthlessly exterminated while others were isolated in death camps with inadequate medical facilities.

The defendants Blome and Rudolf Brandt were charged with participation in and responsibility for the murder and mistreatment of tens of thousands of Polish Nationals allegedly infected with incurable tuberculosis. On this charge both defendants were acquitted.
Tuberculosis Infection of Polish Nationals - More Trial Information HERE (P759)

EUTHANASIA PROGRAM
The Indictment States: Between September 1939 and April 1945 the defendants Karl Brandt, Blome, Brack, and Hoven unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly committed war crimes, as defined by Article 11 of Control Council Law No. 10, in that they were principals in, accessories to, ordered, abetted, took a consenting part in, and were connected with plans and enterprises involving the execution of the so-called "euthanasia" program of the German Reich in the course of which the defendants, herein murdered hundreds of thousands of human beings, including nationals of German-occupied countries. This program involved the systematic and secret execution of the aged, insane, incurably ill, of deformed children, and other persons, by gas, lethal injections, and diverse other means in nursing homes, hospitals, and asylums. Such persons were regarded as "useless eaters" and a burden to the German war machine. The relatives of these victims were informed that they died from natural causes, such as heart failure. German doctors involved in the "euthanasia" program were also sent to Eastern occupied countries to assist in the mass extermination of Jews.

Brack, K. Brandt, and Hoven were convicted.
Euthanasia Program - More Trial Information HERE (P794)

Go to My Post 6Nazi Germany - Sterilization and Euthanasia Programs for Detailed Information
Further information about the Doctors' Trial can be found in the MAZAL LIBRARY - Volume I and Volume II.

THE DOCTORS AT THE NUREMBERG TRIAL AND THEIR PUNISHMENT

HERMANN BECKER-FREYSENG — Captain, Medical Service of the Air Force; and Chief of the Department for Aviation Medicine and Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe - 20 YEARS IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 10 YEARS.

WILHELM BEIGLBOECK — Consulting Physician to the Luftwaffe - 15 YEARS' IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 10 YEARS.

KURT BLOME — Deputy of the Reich Health Leader and Plenipotentiary for Cancer Research in the Reich Research Council - ACQUITTED.

In return for his acquittal, Blome agreed to provide information to the Americans about his experiments in the Dachau concentration camp and advice in the development of their own germ warfare program. Two months after his Nuremberg acquittal, Blome was transferred to the U.S. in the frame of Operation Paperclip and interviewed at Camp David, Maryland by the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency about biological warfare. In 1951, he was hired by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps to work on chemical warfare. More Information HERE

VIKTOR BRACK — Senior Colonel in the SS and Major in the Waffen SS; and Chief Administrative Officer in the Chancellery of the Fuehrer of the NSDAP – DEATH. More Information HERE

KARL BRANDT — Personal Physician to Adolf Hitler; Gruppenfuehrer in the SS and Major General in the Waffen SS; Reich Commissioner for Health and Sanitation and Member of the Reich Research Council - DEATH. More Information HERE

RUDOLF BRANDT — Colonel in the Allgemeine SS; Personal Administrative Officer to Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler and Ministerial Counselor and Chief of the Ministerial Office in the Reich Ministry of the Interior - DEATH.

FRITZ FISCHER - Major in the Waffen SS and Assistant Physician to the defendant Gebhardt at the Hospital at Hohenlychen - LIFETIME IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 15 YEARS.

KARL GEBHARDT - Gruppenfuehrer in the SS and Major General in the Waffen SS; Personal Physician to Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler; Chief Surgeon of the Staff of the Reich Physician SS and Police, and President of the German Red Cross - DEATH.

KARL GENZKEN - Gruppenfuehrer in the SS and Major General in the Waffen SS, and Chief of the Medical Department of the Waffen SS – LIFETIME IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 20 YEARS.

SIEGFRIED HANDLOSER — Lieutenant General, Medical Service; Medical Inspector of the Army and Chief of the Medical Services of the Armed Forces - LIFETIME IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 20 YEARS.

WALDEMAR HOVEN — Captain in the Waffen SS and Chief Doctor of the Buchenwald Concentration Camp - DEATH. More Information HERE.

JOACHIM MROGOWSKY — Senior Colonel in the Waffen SS; Chief Hygienist of the Reich Physician SS and Police and Chief of the Hygiene Institute of the Waffen SS – DEATH.

HERTA OBERHEUSER — Physician at the Ravensbrueck Concentration Camp; and Assistant Physician to the defendant Gebhardt at the Hospital at Hohenlychen - 20 YEARS' IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 10 YEARS.

ADOLF POKORNY — Physician, Specialist in Skin and Venereal Diseases - ACQUITTED.

HELMUT POPPENDICK — Senior Colonel in the SS and Chief of the Personal Staff of the Reich Physician SS and Police - 10 YEARS IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO NONE.

HANS WOLFGANG ROMBERG — Doctor on the Staff of the Department for Aviation Medicine at the German Experimental Institute for Aviation - ACQUITTED.

GERHARD ROSE — Brigadier General, Medical Service of the Air Force; Vice President, Chief of the Department for Tropical Medicine, and Professor of the Robert Koch Institute; and Hygiene Adviser for Tropical Medicine to the Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe - LIFETIME IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 20 YEARS.

PAUL ROSTOCK — Chief Surgeon of the Surgical Clinic in Berlin; Surgical Adviser to the Army, and Chief of the Office for Medical Science and Research under the defendant Karl Brandt, Reich Commissioner for Health and Sanitation - ACQUITTED.

SIEGFRIED RUFF — Director of the Department for Aviation Medicine at the German Experimental Institute for Aviation – ACQUITTED, STILL RESEARCHING AND PUBLISHING IN THE FIELD OF AVIATION AS LATE AS 1989.

KONRAD SCHAEFER — Doctor on the Staff of the Institute for Aviation Medicine in Berlin - ACQUITTED.

OSKAR SCHROEDER — Lieutenant General Medical Service; Chief of Staff of the Inspectorate of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe and Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe - LIFETIME IMPRISONMENT, COMMUTED TO 15 YEARS.

WOLFRAM SIEVERS — Colonel in the SS; Reich Manager of the "Ahnenerbe" Society and Director of its Institute for Military Scientific Research and Deputy Chairman of the Managing Board of Directors of the Reich Research Council - DEATH.

GEORG AUGUST WELTS — Lieutenant Colonel, Medical Service of the Air Force and Chief of the Institute for Aviation Medicine in Munich - ACQUITTED.

NAZI DOCTORS WHO ESCAPED PROSECUTION AND THE COUNTRIES WHICH GAVE THEM REFUGE

Philipp BOUHLER and Leonardo CONTI killed themselves in captivity in May 1945, while Dr Ernst-Robert GRAWITZ killed himself shortly before the fall of Berlin. More Information here about BOUHLER - CONTI - GRAWITZ

Dr Friedrich MENNEKE died in 1947 while awaiting trial. Paul NITSCHE was tried and executed by an East German court in 1948. Werner HEYDE, after having escaped detection for 18 years, killed himself in 1964 before being brought to trial. Dr Heinrich GROSS and Werner BLANKENBURG also escaped justice. More Information Here About NITSCHE - HEYDE - GROSS - BLANKENBURG

DR. CARL CLAUBERG (28 September 1898- 9 August 1957)
A Leading German endocrinologist who identified female hormone progesterone and worked to restore fertility of sterile women. Enthusiastic Nazi. Moved to Auschwitz in 1942 to develop method of non-surgical sterilization for use on huge scale. He worked with Horst Schumann in X-ray sterilization experiments at Auschwitz concentration camp. He was Sentenced to 25 years’ jail in the Soviet Union but freed in 1955. He was rearrested on his return to Germany but died of a Heart Attack on 9 August 1957 before he could be tried.

In UK National Archives Files - War Crime Trials, Various Papers 1947 - 1967 Link HERE to Carl Clauberg, an eminent professor of medicine at Kiel University, is indicted here on numerous counts of grievous bodily harm; intent to injure; manslaughter as a result, principally, of his experiments on sterilization of women patients at Auschwitz and Ravensbrück.

Clauberg was captured by the Russians on 8 June 1945. He was imprisoned for 3 years in the Soviet Union before being tried, when he was convicted of war crimes. Following Stalin's death in 1953, and various diplomatic agreements, Clauberg was repatriated with other Germans in October 1955. After which date he is described as being not only unrepentant but grandiose and bizarre, listing on his professional card various Nazi medical organizations. After pressure from various groups, Clauberg was arrested in November 1955. But for a considerable time the German Chamber of Medicine resisted action against him that would divest him of his title Doctor of Medicine. They did eventually remove his license. However, when he died mysteriously in his prison cell on 9 August 1957, the general belief was that he was in the process of naming names at the top of the Nazi medical hierarchy, and that consequently, medical colleagues helped bring about his death.

Interesting Link HERE (PDF) to Dr. Carl Clauberg - Experimental Obstetrics & National Socialism: The Conceptual Basis of Reproductive Technology Today - Heidrun Kaupen-Haas - Reproductive and Genetic Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 127–132, 1988
Population control in Nazi Germany – to promote those “worthy of reproduction” and to eliminate those “unworthy of reproduction” – influenced international research in genetic and reproductive technology.

DR. HERMANN STIEVE (22 May 1886 – 5 September 1952)
Professor of Anatomy at Berlin University who researched function of the ovary. Studied link between menstruation and stress at Plötzensee prison in Berlin from 1942-1944. Stieve was granted access to women for his research on ovarian function and the menstrual cycle. In one particularly grim study, he charted the effect on menstruation of what he termed "highly agitating news" -- the passing of a death sentence on these inmates -- and dissected their bodies after they had been executed. After WWII, Dr. Stieve continued to teach anatomy at the University of Berlin and no charges were ever brought against him. The Berlin Charite Hospital honored Dr. Stieve on behalf of his research on women's reproductive systems. They awarded him with a bust/statue of him on the university and an entire lecture hall was named after him at the University of Berlin. More Information HERE (In German)

DR. HORST SCHUMANN (1 May 1906 - 5 May 1983)
Conducted many female sterilization and male castration experiments at Auschwitz and invented gruesome machines with which to do the job. He deliberately infected prisoners with typhus by injecting them with infected blood to test prospective cures. On 28 July 1941, Schumann arrived in Auschwitz. He worked at Block 30 in the women's hospital, where he set up an x-ray station in 1942. Here men and women were forcibly sterilized by being positioned repeatedly for several minutes between two x-ray machines, the rays aiming at their sexual organs. Most subjects died after great suffering, or were gassed immediately because the radiation burns from which they suffered rendered them unfit for work. Men's testicles were removed and sent to Breslau for histopathological examination.

He was captured by the Americans in January 1945 while serving as a military doctor. He was released from captivity in October 1945. In April 1946 he began to work as a sports doctor for the city of Gladbeck. An application for a license for a hunting gun led to him being identified in 1951 and the GDR issued an arrest warrant.

Schumann then fled, first to Egypt and eventually settled in Khartoum in the Sudan as head of a hospital. He was forced to flee from Sudan in 1962 after being recognised by an Auschwitz survivor. Then he went to Ghana, where he received the protection of the head of state, Kwame Nkrumah.

In 1966, he was extradited from Ghana to West Germany where the trial against him was opened in Frankfurt on 23 September 1970. However, Schumann was released from prison on 29 July 1972 due to his heart condition and generally deteriorating health. However, he did not die until 1983, eleven years after he had been released. More Information HERE

DR. EDUARD WIRTHS (4 September 1909 – 20 September 1945)
He was the Chief SS doctor at the Auschwitz concentration camp from September 1942 to January 1945. Wirths had formal responsibility for everything undertaken by the nearly 20 SS doctors (including Josef Mengele, Horst Schumann and Carl Clauberg) who worked in the medical sections of Auschwitz between 1942-1945. Dr. Wirths was promoted to SS Hauptsturmführer (captain) and appointed as chief doctor at Auschwitz in September 1942. He was appointed on the basis of his reputation as a competent doctor and committed Nazi who would be capable of stopping the typhus epidemics that had increasingly affected SS personnel at Auschwitz (an effort in which he was somewhat successful). Eduard Wirths was promoted to SS Sturmbannführer (major) in September 1944.

Wirths committed suicide by hanging on 20 September 1945, in British Custody. More Information HERE

DR JOSEF MENGELE (16 March 1911 – 7 February 1979)
Mengele was a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. In 1942, he was wounded at the Russian front and was pronounced medically unfit for combat, and was then promoted to the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain). On May 24, 1943, he became medical officer of Auschwitz-Birkenau's "Gypsy camp".

In August 1944, this camp was liquidated and all its inmates gassed. Subsequently Mengele became Chief Medical Officer of the main infirmary camp at Birkenau. During his 21-month stay at Auschwitz, Mengele took turns with the other SS physicians at Auschwitz in meeting incoming prisoners at the ramp, where it was determined who would be retained for work and who would be sent to the gas chambers immediately. When it was reported that one block was infested with Typhus, Mengele gassed every single one of the 750 women assigned to it.

Mengele used Auschwitz as an opportunity to continue his research on heredity, using inmates for human experimentation. He was particularly interested in identical twins; they would be selected and placed in special barracks. Mengele took an interest in physical abnormalities discovered among the arrivals at the concentration camp. These included dwarfs, notably the Ovitz family.

Mengele's experiments also included attempts to change eye color by injecting chemicals into children's eyes, various amputations of limbs and other brutal surgeries. Rena Gelissen's account of her time in Auschwitz details certain experiments performed on female prisoners around October 1943. Mengele would experiment on the chosen girls, performing sterilization and shock treatments. At Auschwitz, Mengele did a number of twin studies. After the experiment was over, these twins were usually murdered and their bodies dissected. Mengele was almost fanatical about drawing blood from twins, mostly identical twins. He is reported to have bled some to death this way.

When the SS abandoned the Auschwitz Camp on January 17, 1945, Mengele transferred to Groß Rosen camp in lower Silesia, again working as camp physician. Mengele worked in other camps for a short time and on May 2, joined a Wehrmacht medical unit. The unit was taken as POWs by the Americans however Mengele was then released in June 1945.

From July 1945 until May 1949, he worked as a farmhand in a small village near Rosenheim, Bavaria after which he escaped to Argentina. Although he was doing well in South America, Mengele feared being captured so he left Argentina in 1962 and moved to Paraguay. Using the identity of "Peter Hochbichler," he crossed the border to Brazil in 1960 and lived in São Paulo with the Austrian-born neo-Nazi Wolfgang Gerhard. The same year, Mengele moved to Nova Europa, about 300 kilometers (186 miles) outside São Paulo, where he lived with the Hungarian refugees Geza and Gitta Stammer, working as a manager of their farm.

Mengele, whose health had been deteriorating for years, died on February 7, 1979, in Bertioga, Brazil. Mengele was listed on the Allies' list of war criminals as early as 1944. His name was mentioned in the Nuremberg trials several times, but Allied forces were convinced that Mengele was dead, which was also claimed by Irene and the family in Günzburg.

What Made This Man? Mengele – New York Times Article – 21 July 1985
The Twins from Brazil: Did Nazi Doctor Mengele - The Angel of Death - Cause Twin Surge in South American town? - Daily Mail Article - 22 January 2009
List of Twins which survived or have been identified as being in Auschwitz – Candles Holocaust Museum
History of Twin Studies Globally (PDF) - International Encyclopedia Of the Social Sciences, 2nd Edition

Book: Children of the Flames: Dr. Josef Mengele and the Untold Story of the Twins of Auschwitz By Lucette Matalon Lagnado, Sheila Cohn Dekel
This book chronicles Mengele's medical experimental activities on approximately 3,000 twins who passed through the Auschwitz death camp during World War II until its liberation at the end of the war. Only a few of the twins survived; 60 years later, they came forward about the special privileges they were given in Auschwitz owing to Mengele's interest in twins, and how as a result they have suffered, as the children who survived his medical experiments and injections.

DR ARIBERT FERDINAND HEIM

He was a former Austrian doctor, also known as Dr. Death. As an SS doctor in a Nazi concentration camp in Mauthausen, he is accused of killing and torturing many inmates through various methods, such as direct injections of toxic compounds into the hearts of his victims. He is alleged to have escaped to Cairo, Egypt and used the alias Tarek Hussein Farid for many years. He reportedly died there on August 10, 1992 of rectal cancer. As no grave or body has been found, some doubt the truth about this story.
Uncovering Lost Path of the Most Wanted Nazi - New York Times Article - 4 February 2009

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WHICH COUNTRIES ENGAGED IN INHUMANE AND UNETHICAL EXPERIMENTS BEFORE AND AFTER WORLD WAR II?

Human Medical Experimentation in the United States: PART 1 The shocking true history of modern medicine and psychiatry (1833-1965) - Natural News Network

Human Medical Experimentation in the United States: PART 2 The shocking true history of modern medicine and psychiatry (1965-2005) - Natural News Network

Vaccines and Medical Experiments on Children, Minorities, Woman and Inmates (in USA) (1845 - 2007) - Natural News Network

Four Top Doctors Arrested for Illegal Medical Experiments - Israel (12 October 2006) - Alliance for Human Research Protection

Russian Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials - Vasiliy Vlassov - European Journal of Public Health 2006
Ten years ago, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Nuremberg trial of Nazi physicians, many international journals devoted special issues to the history of this trial, and to the subsequent rise of biomedical ethics and regulation of human participation in biomedical research. Surprisingly, not one article was published in Russian professional journals.

Treatment of Homosexuality During (South African) Apartheid - Robert M Kaplan, Forensic Psychiatrist - Recurrent allegations have been made that between 1969 and 1987 approximately 900 men and women had gender reassignment surgery, the only known example of such operations being performed in military hospitals. Details of the programme first came to light at hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission with submission of The Aversion Project, a detailed investigation of treatment of homosexuals in the South African Defence Force by a coalition of groups, including the Medical Research Council.

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Why INFORMED CONSENT Is So Important - Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics - 2 May 2003
To understand why researchers today must obtain informed consent from their patients before they subject them to experiments, you need to understand some of the previous abuses of medical research.

Informed Consent in Human Experimentation before the Nuremberg Code (1947) (PDF) - Jochen Vollmann and Rolf Winau – British Medical Journal (BMJ) 7 December 1996 - VOLUME 313
The issue of ethics with respect to medical experimentation in Germany during the 1930s and 1940s was crucial at the Nuremberg trials and related trials of doctors and public health officials. Those involved in horrible crimes attempted to excuse themselves by arguing that there were no explicit rules governing medical research on human beings in Germany during the period and that research practices in Germany were not different from those in allied countries. In this context the Nuremberg code of 1947 is generally regarded as the first document to set out ethical regulations in human experimentation based on informed consent. New research, however, indicates that ethical issues of informed consent in guidelines for human experimentation were recognized as early as the nineteenth century.

OTHER LINKS TO THE DOCTORS' TRIAL AND THEIR EXPERIMENTS

US Government Archives - Records Of The US Nuernberg War Crimes Trials - USA V. Karl Brandt et Al. (Case 1) (PDF) (21 November 1946 - 20 August 1947)
The Doctors Trial War Crimes - US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM)
Book Online: The Nazi Doctors : Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide By Robert J. Lifton
"The Medical Case" - Genocide, War Crimes and Mass Killings - University of the West of England
Nuremberg Trials Project - Harvard Law School Library
The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments - Jewish Law Articles

The Nazi Medical Experiments (PDF) – Dr Andrew Korda - Australian Department of Defence - Australian Defence Force Health Journal (ADFHJ). Some research by the Nazis was solely conducted for the benefit of the armed forces.

The Names of Nazi Doctors and the Medical Experiments They Conducted at the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp.
Photographs of Victims of Medical Experiments in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp
List of Names of 74 Victims Subjected to Medical Experiments in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp

Psychiatry in the Nazi Era (PDF) – Canadian Journal of Psychiatry - Vol 50, No 4, March 2005
The values of care and compassion can be eroded; this knowledge demands constant vigilance. This Link provides recent information from newly discovered Berlin archives about the actions of physicians, especially psychiatrists, during the era of National Socialism in Germany.

Google Book Preview: The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation By George J. Annas, Michael A. Grodin

Go To This Post For Numerous UDHR Translations:
UDHR (Universal Declaration Of Human Rights) in Arabic, Czech, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian & Spanish - Also Includes links to 359 translations of the UDHR.

0NAZI GERMANY - INTRODUCTION TO SERIES OF POSTS

INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES OF NAZI GERMANY POSTS
Age Does Not Bring Wisdom. Life Long Ongoing Education and Enlightenment Does.

This post is part of a series covering World War II Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. My aims are to present

Some of the reasons why the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent HR Instruments Were Created
To publicize ongoing Human Rights Abuses and the Perpetrators
To register my own personal horrific experiences with family members and their associates, who are guilty of Human Rights Abuses and Violations as well as utter contempt for all legal boundaries and restrictions

World War II was supposed to be the War to End All Wars. Unfortunately there is wide spread intentional amnesia today, meaning the same crimes are being committed. Some people are also conveniently forgetting this era, often for reasons of securing financial profits, which are more often easily earned in environments where Human Rights Abuses are Rife and Ignored.

The nine posts in this series cover:

0 INTRODUCTION - Why this Series of Posts?

1 UN CHARTER & UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Why WWII Drove The Creation Of The UDHR.

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SO WHY THESE POSTS IN THE 20TH/21ST CENTURY?

It is a fact, that we are surrounded by people who are living in an arrogant stupor of self importance and material influence. Sadly, some of these people regard an elementary education and the history of precedent, to be unnecessary (and even irrational!) for reasoned judgement and responsible actions.

In my first post in this series, I present the background to the creation of the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Following World War II the UDHR in no uncertain terms declared a Blue Print, a Code of Conduct stating acceptable and unacceptable behaviour, for all nations in the 20th century and beyond. Unfortunately some countries and people today consider the UDHR to be a meaningless and insignificant document to guide their countries and lives. Why? These countries are enforcing human and primitive sub-human hierarchies, with divisions based on wealth, physical strength as well as ethnic origins. Persecution, discrimination, slavery and denial of equal rights/opportunities continue in these countries.

On a similar theme concerning the Denial of Equal Rights/Opportunities due to Female Physical Weakness, my post Ameneh Bahrami - Why Acid Attacks Will Continue on Muslim Women/Children in the 21st Century and Beyond - Inequality of Justice for the Physically Weak in Iran touches on the ongoing inequality of Justice and Rights For Women.

THE MEANING OF LIFE
How many people have fixed ideas about the Meaning of Life or are indifferent to the reasons, because they are content being clones, conforming to their social environment? Is it so unrealistic in the 21st century for all people to unite and reach a common agreement on the meaning of life and to agree on the optimal conditions required for human beings, in order for them to excel and demonstrate their true mental and physical capabilities?

THE MEANING OF LIFE - NO NEW MESSIAHS!
Religions have been the first to inform everyone about our origins and the reason for our existence. They have however been unable to make any important contributions to the fields of science, medicine and technology, bringing into question their access to a Superior Being, responsible for all aspects of our creation. If a religion can not provide for example, the cure for EPILEPSY, except through death, one must question the real purpose and function of many religions. All intelligent and rational human beings in the 21st century, need irrefutable evidence to believe something and it does not come alone through books.

We know many religions were created at a time when there was no mass media and no international opposition. If anyone were to claim to be a Messiah today, and they delivered revelations, unambiguous prophecies and real miracles for all of us, to see and experience, they would surely be attacked, silenced and destroyed. Why? Any New Messiah with such gifts is a serious threat to old established religions, who have failed to deliver anything to prove their proclamations and support their doctrine. For this reason, I see no chance of any new Religious Messiahs surviving. If anyone was in fact a Genuine Messiah, we can safely assume, all hell would break loose following their persecution and destruction. For those hoping for Armageddon, destroying a Genuine Messiah might actually serve their agenda. 21(or 12) December 2012 has been declared as a turning point for our planet - why, because all those 12s means something logical and rational?

As I recall during America's racist past, missionaries of God were also guilty of overt racism. As ever the weak conformed to the Majority; Christian Values and Sin faded into oblivion.

Given that religions have repeatedly failed to invoke their God in times of dire hardship and conflict over many centuries; man made intervention has been the only solution, hence the real need for organizations, such as the UN.

20TH CENTURY ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS - A LITTLE TOO LATE
Why has it taken so long to deliver certain accomplishments and achievements? If we were to identify what types of people have repeatedly put obstacles in the way of others, over the centuries, we might find the answer and remove these people permanently, in the interests of the advancement of human civilization.

Nobody can advance human civilization in any field, if education is denied and the historical building blocks of precedents are ignored, manipulated and/or even erased. Why would Anyone Manipulate and even Delete History? For self serving Reasons of Course. To ensure they maintain their rank and status in a hierarchy, preventing all interference from outside, with their decisions, interests and actions.

It was only in the 20th century, some countries and people delivered:
Electrification / Automobile / Airplane / Water Supply and Distribution / Electronics / Radio and Television / Agricultural Mechanization / Computers / Telephone / Air Conditioning and Refrigeration / Highways / Spacecraft / Internet / Imaging / Household Appliances / Health Technologies / Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies / Laser and Fiber Optics / Nuclear Technologies / High-performance Materials

BARRIERS/RESISTORS TO PROGRESS AND CHANGE
Classic resistors to ingenuity, creativity and positive change are those intent on enforcing their own education and status with a self serving agenda. These people are often with limited education and wisdom, holding illegitimate authority and superiority. They live in fear of more intelligent and educated individuals, usurping and removing them, permanently. With such blinkered arrogant idiots in power as leaders, whole countries and communities have been denied development and advancement. There has been much bloodshed.

RESISTING CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate Change/Global Warming is a recurring theme in the 21st century. What is the real problem here? Are humans so fearful of changing their established lifestyles, that they must resist everything that alters their surroundings including nature? Some Humans love to assume they are in control of their planet. What if climate change were to have no connection with Humans, at all?

HUMANS AND SUB-HUMANS (THE CATTLE/ANIMALS) HIERARCHIES
It goes without saying, human beings are incredibly expressive and rich in verbal communication and far more sophisticated mentally and physically than the animal kingdom. Why therefore are people still enforcing the behaviour of animals as role models for human beings: sexual reproduction and observed animal perversions, physical strength and ferocity, as well as power and domination as a group, over others. Naturally animals have a unique set of skills required for their own survival, which humans can learn from and should respect, but animals are not and never will be the blue print and reference point for levels of human intelligence, human behaviour and the limitations of Homo Sapiens.

Unfortunately some countries even EU countries (through their weak and irresponsible immigration policies) support these primitive hierarchical systems, enforcing the separation of humans from perceived sub-humans: those viewed as slave animals and considered below the human race in evolutionary development.

No Human Being is a Sub-Human!

The divisions of human and sub-human is often created and tied to differences in wealth and possessions. Given that wealth has often been accumulated through bloodshed, theft, corruption and inheritance, these are hardly rational grounds for assuming superiority over others and the ongoing enforcement of a sub class of human, who has been repeatedly denied equal opportunities and education.

People who drive human and subhuman divisions rarely if ever, make positive contributions and excel in the scientific, medical and technological fields. Only the fool is impressed by their Manipulative Public Image with the pomp and circumstance of Ceremonies. Its the 21st century, Wake Up Everyone.......Look beyond their attention seeking showy acts and the possessions, they parade.

Without education and interest in research to find solutions/cures for many problems of today including illness and disease, expect these types of people to pursue the most ignorant and laziest solution possible for everything: Destroy Life! Similar to Nazi Germany and their Sterilization and Euthanasia Programs. Other countries also adopted this approach as a cure before and after world war II.

Given that sub-humans are effectively viewed as animals, verbal communication with logic and reasoning is never used, just physical contact/violence, as if the human is a goat, donkey, cow or dog. It is assumed animals do not understand human communication. Perhaps those using violence also derive sadistic sexual gratification from exerting physical power over others. There are enough Weirdos in Western countries who engage in SM and bondage, for these perverted reasons.

HUMAN AND ANIMAL SLAVERY
Sub-humans today remain ongoing targets of racism, discrimination, persecution and the prevention of equal rights. Physical appearances and the roots of people, often play an influential role in the minds of ignorant and uneducated people. Poverty is often a sign of denied opportunities and lack of development, not imbecility and stupidity. In the right circumstances, people of poverty are able to excel.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
I am highlighting all of these topics given that they tie into personal experiences, which are explained later, in Playing Both Sides. Perhaps one day, people I have known, will wake up from their drunken stupor/coma of delusional superiority and recognize how irrelevant they are in the 21st century and why many reasonably intelligent civilized human beings, will REFUSE to be identified and associated with them and their heinous and despicable deeds, including myself.

Based on my experiences, there are various actions, which prove human and sub-human divisions are being enforced. Firstly, the most obvious one being acts of violence, sexual and physical abuse, instead of using and respecting verbal communication. Secondly, denying salary payments to staff/servants, even though they have dependent families to feed and clothe. Those withholding payment have no concern for the lives they impact, harm and destroy. Imprisoning staff/servants and denying them fundamental freedoms and rights of access to health care as well as communication with law enforcement. During family dining and feasting, food is thrown on the floor for the sub-humans/slaves to pick up and eat for themselves. If the slaves/sub-humans are being deprived of food, their Natural Survival Instinct will be to consume. Obviously this type of public act is to prove to everyone present, that staff/slaves are sub-humans, in fact animals, unclean, unhygienic, unfit and undeserving of any respect.

Another component of these environments are acts of parents selling their children into slavery, given that humans even family members, are judged to be a monetary value: either they are an income or an expense throughout their lives. Being an expense means a person is far more likely to become a victim of honour violence and killing.

When your own blood relations are guilty of supporting and enforcing these human and sub-human divisions, clearly something extremely serious has to be done to Them, To Stop Them and To Expose Them as Examples For Everyone. Clearly World War II taught some of my Blood Relations and Their Associates Absolutely Nothing. What Will Teach Them and Everyone Protecting and Retaining Them, In The Very End?

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS DEFINE THE BOUNDARIES OF CIVILIZED BEHAVIOUR

Often created as a result of tumultuous and catastrophic events, Human Rights instruments have been implemented to set and maintain certain standards of acceptable civilized behaviour, as well as to educate, warn and prevent further barbarity and atrocities, committed during war and peace time.

Let us not forget, A civilized nation and group of people is judged by how it treats human beings and the rights it bestows on all, AS EQUALS. In addition a country is judged by the laws it implements and the success of its punishment acting as a permanent deterrent to all, AS EQUALS.

Obviously Legal instruments apply to all : government servants, religions, people with title, public status and of wealth. Some people like to assume they are above all laws..... Why is that? Everyone is aware of the reasons why World War II was responsible for the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), given that there was global damnation of atrocities committed. Many victims of World War II, fortunately lived to give testimony at the Nuremberg Trials and other post war trials.

The UDHR has been translated into more than 300 languages and dialects and is widely accessible. Therefore nobody has any excuse that they were not able to access and read the contents in their native language. At the time of its adoption in 1948, the UN Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and

"to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or territories."

For those ignoring this significant document today we know the reasons... They are selfishly preoccupied with their illegitimate status and obsession with excessive Financial/Material Profiteering: GREED, which is more easily obtained in countries where human rights abuses are rife.

CROSSING BOUNDARIES AND LIMITS

Hitler used War to justify committing certain crimes against humanity, in the belief that being the eventual Victors, Nazi Germany would not be subjected to trivial International Laws and Tribunals. He was wrong.

Various sources mention that Hitler did not believe he could successfully implement the Euthanasia Program in Germany during peacetime. As he later discovered, even during war, the shortage of beds for wounded soldiers, was not a rational and responsible argument even for the German Folk. Once this secret program became public, there was German condemnation. The program was officially closed down as a result of public protests. Silent acts of euthanasia nonetheless continued on a local level until the end of the war.

In peace time today, there are several countries and communities, which are responsible for the same types of atrocities and human rights abuses, committed during WWII. They are of course not on the same scale but at individual level and often in private. Is this the reasoning why certain countries provided refuge to some escaped Nazis and they continue today to remain silent about who is actually residing in their legal jurisdiction? Soul Mates of Sorts.

INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES

Hitler made a rather apt remark about the conduct of a German business during the war which I believe reflects the attitude and behaviour of some international joint ventures today. IG Farben's conduct at Auschwitz is best described by a remark of Hitler: "What does it matter to us? Look away if it makes you sick." IG Farben (Industrialist) Nuremberg Trials. Is this not how various western companies are behaving, given their willingness to enter joint ventures with countries, that have a long history of "Undemocracy" and human rights violations?

Today, Western Profiteers ingratiate themselves with dictators, undemocratically elected leaders and oligarchs, (even providing refuge to some of these foreigners at a later date) in the pursuit of securing large profits, contracts and satisfying irresponsible self induced resource dependence, in western countries. To harmonize and maintain these relationships and secure further lucrative contracts and minimize competition, all sorts of Kick Backs, Bribes, Fees and Commissions are paid To People, Who Don't Even Need The Money! True Greed. So thats how they secured this Arms Deal.....

It is of no consequence to these Western Profiteers and their Partners how the local population is treated, whether they are slave or forced labour, whether they are tortured, imprisoned, killed or even charged with crimes they never committed. These Rampant Profiteers, these Blatant Opportunists have no conscience. Their financial rewards, blood money and commissions are then safely deposited in distant offshore financial center/tax havens, far from the Seeing Eye of Their Own Countries.

Am I being too hard on those who supposedly take significant business risks? I don't believe so. Nazi Germany was able to construct the infrastructure for a War Machine within SIX YEARS of coming to power. Allies can become the Enemies of the future. Foreign investors played an important role in the build up to World War II and the construction of Nazi Germany's Infrastructure. They turned a blind eye to everything, all in the name of profits and greed.

My previous post about International Joint Ventures with the Burma/Myanmar Junta is a present day example of Global Greed Merchants in action. Some Foreign Companies like to claim they are helping to introduce a democracy, when in reality they are maintaining the current regime financially and the lifestyle of the military leaders.

GO TO - International Joint Ventures with the Burma/Myanmar Junta Capitalizing on Grief, Death & Human Rights Violations and Business & Human Rights Resource Center - Tracking The Positive & Negative Impacts of Over 4,000 Companies Worldwide

REAL JEKYLL AND HYDE CHARACTERS

The concept of greed is not limited to western companies investing in undemocratic regimes with unacceptable human rights standards. Individuals in western countries are also willing partners with the perpetrators of human rights abuses, for the selfish motive of easy financial earnings and material gain. I will provide a simple and real example of my experiences with my own blood relations and their associates, demonstrating how disturbed and sick some people really are. I use the term Playing Both Sides because it aptly describes their conduct, over many years. Public Statements Versus Private Actions.

BLOOD RELATIONS & THEIR ASSOCIATES
PLAYING BOTH SIDES - ON THE ONE HAND - IN PUBLIC
When People Play Both Sides - People End Up Seriously Injured and Even Dead

For public consumption and manipulation, some people deliver attention seeking emotional stories about being victims of historical conflicts and oppression. For the uneducated fool they instantly believe these stories without ever investigating the truth, for themselves. Of Course there are genuine victims, but not all. These attention seekers continue to deliver virulent hatred, intolerance and contempt for their supposed former oppressor(s), throughout their lives. They repeatedly attack them for the crimes they have committed and the inhumane treatment of innocent people. They throw in religion buzz words, to influence people of their sincerity and validity. They even dare lecture people about Religion and Sin including absurdities about the poison of tea, coffee, alcohol and even soft drinks. You must be an alcoholic if you drink any alcohol. If only Realism, Evidence, Transparency and Balance were their human qualities.

ON THE OTHER HAND – IN PRIVATE

On the Other Hand, there is a completely different situation, in private. Behind closed doors, these people, while full of loathing for human rights abusers in public, are actually guilty of the very same crimes, in private, as well as responsible for standing by and protecting other perpetrators. They intentionally forget the dreadful and harrowing experiences of family members during the war (Several imprisoned in concentration camps, Nazi Doctors' Experiments, Forced Prostitution, etc). These facts and painful experiences of other family members are completely ignored, written off, disregarded, thrown out with the garbage.

New innocent victims are subjected to similar experiences and cruelty, but it is of no consequence even when established laws condemn such acts in their country. They have no conscience.....for financial reasons, it has been ERASED.

What are their Motives for Forgetting and Ignoring History?

To put it simply: Obsessive Financial Greed and Blatant Materialism. The people they choose to associate with, are sources of easy financial benefits, material rewards and gifts. This is in fact their only motive for forming relationships with these wealthier associates. They have a history of establishing such relationships in the hope..... Even when someone dies, they are still trying to profit from them.

They do not care if the people who provide financial and material profits, are Criminals, responsible for Human Rights Violations and Grotesque Inhumane Treatment of Innocent People, in their country or elsewhere including the Middle East.

While parading themselves in public as sophisticated, educated and civilized people and delivering stories about their (private) school education, these stories fail to encompass real facts, such as they failed to complete their elementary education - they didn't taken any exams at school and they were also often absent from school. They don't tell anyone they were sent to another school and put back a year, in order to take elementary exams. Yet again they withdrew, demonstrating public education is completely irrelevant to them (like the parents), when money and materialism are easily derived from some people, on the street.

DOUBLE STANDARDS

They might well be implicated in or even directly responsible for the death of people and malicious permanent injury. They do not care. They have no conscience. There might be victims of sexual assaults and rape as well, but instead of protecting the victim, stopping the perpetrators and preventing further victims, they stand by and protect the perpetrators.

On the one hand they parade in public their love and concern for vulnerable children. On the other hand in private, they have been grossly negligent and abandoned a child, whose end would have been to euthanasia, in the hands of doctors. They never tell anyone in public what they have done with this child and why. Yet another indication that human beings are simple monetary values in their lives and they are genuinely playing both sides.

As We All Know, A Locked Door May Hide Various Secrets. We Don't Always Need A Key When There Are Many Windows To Look Through.

Much would have become evident to outsiders, if they pursued identifying the number of sham marriages these people had engaged in and their motives for these relationships, in the first place. Outsiders would have noticed there was also an interest in adopting another name and an image associated with a partner, in the belief, a marriage would elevate their social standing and long term financial rewards.

It is an abundant source of immense anger to me that these people even tried to marry me into this uncivilized human rights abusive ridden environment, to a person I had never met. For them, the marriage was about personal rewards for themselves and profiteering from a passport, money and even property. They ignored the long term real fact about my true character and that I have never been influenced and motivated by materialistic possessions nor by wealth. They refused to acknowledge reality - the fact that I have never allowed anyone to throw money in my face, to buy friendships, sex and allegiances, which is part of their everyday lives. For them relationships = £$ and little else.

ENOUGH IS ENOUGH

Here lies some of the boundaries and limits for people who persist with playing both sides. Both Business and Individual Greed Merchants despise education, balance, objectivity and law enforcement. For Sure, All Of These People Will Stick Together especially if they have committed Mortal Crimes! They will attack everyone who pursues exposing the Truth About Them, Their JVs and Their Lies. Why is it some people think they can get away with Murder........it has something to do with their relationships and connections.....

YOU CAN NEVER STOP LEARNING, EXPERTS!

As mentioned, I personally know of victims (family members) who were subjected to barbaric crimes during World War II. Cases covering Most of the crimes were tried, at the Post War Trials in Nuremberg, Germany and Poland. I will not relay the stories of family victims, given the pain it will cause. I know what they were forced to endure and will remain with them for the rest of the lives.

Fortunately there is a huge amount of documented information in public circulation. There are numerous educational resources and materials containing well researched articles, personalized historical accounts, testimonies and the photographic evidence used at the Nuremberg Trials. Everyone has free access to this information as well as their country's state and international laws.

THE GRAVITY OF THE SITUATION

One day, some people will say an Important Test was set in 1994 to catch everyone with my blood relations and their religious and business associates, given that their public communications and lies with their manipulated public appearances, were not reflecting their private actions, business dealings, in fact reality, at all. There was only one way to prove and expose the truth about THEM. In situations of death, serious injury, corruption, acts of racism and persecution, blatant human rights abuses, crimes and even destitution, they were all tested - there was only one way to prove their real reactions, the depths of their own souls, their lies and the crimes they had committed. Every time they refused to recognize The Gravity of Each Situation, How Their Actions Were Directly Responsible and The Long Term Consequences - every time it was selfish opportunism and profiteering, cover ups, self protectionism with proof of intent to Pervert the Course of Justice and Prevent All Law Enforcement. An established pattern throughout their lives. Needless to say some religions and their members proved they are playing both sides and revealed their true colours.

THE TRUTH ABOUT PATRIOTISM – IN WORD BUT NEVER IN DEED

How often do we encounter people who claim to be Great Patriots, but only IN WORD and never IN DEED? Everyone knows Real Patriots, first and foremost, Respect and Uphold the Established Laws of their country and even know the history behind their creation. They know the enforcement of this Legal Code of Conduct is responsible for protecting and advancing their own country, and respect is a condition of being identified as a True Patriot.

When (fake) patriots (including titled people, monarchists, the wealthy and religious figures) ignore established laws and international legal obligations, in addition to avoiding taxation and hiding their true sources of wealth, by depositing funds outside their country (in tax havens/offshore financial centers), we know we are dealing with False Patriots and potentially serious national security risks, as well.

The most famous of British Traitors have had very English Surnames - Far Greater Trust has been placed on Words and Names instead of Deeds, by uneducated and irresponsible idiots employed or retained by governments and people in authority. As for Patriotism in the minds and actions of immigrants who are Economic Migrants/Financial Profiteers, forget it, it doesn't exist.

The Patron Saint and Supposed Great Patriot of England, St George has always had many conflicting loyalties. St. George is also the Patron Saint of Aragon, Catalonia, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Lithuania, Palestine, Portugal, and Russia, as well as the cities of Amersfoort, Beirut, Bteghrine, Cáceres, Ferrara, Freiburg, Genoa, Ljubljana, Gozo, Pomorie, Qormi, Lod and Moscow; Scouting, as well as a wide range of professions, organizations, disease sufferers and one of the most prominent Military Saints.

When Greed and Materialism overrides common sense, objectivity and responsible judgement as well as enforcement of all state and international laws; SOMEWHERE - SOMETHING HAS TO BE DONE! I have turned My Key. ENOUGH IS ENOUGH.

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