JUSTICE Will Be Served - Human Rights - HRLaws

Josef Fritzl - Other Cases of Abduction and Imprisonment of Adults and Children

2009-08-28T08:44:00.020+01:00

HISTORICAL CASES OF ABDUCTION, IMPRISONMENT, SEXUAL ABUSE & MURDER OF ADULTS AND CHILDREN
By Parents and Strangers
Original Post: 11 June 2008 / Updated 28 August 2009

"History Is A Vast Early Warning System" Norman Cousins
But Only Those With An EDUCATION, Know This.....

Some Aspects of the following Historical Cases are relevant to the Unfolding Story of Jaycee (JC) Lee (Allissa) Dugard. As We already know in the Case of the Abduction of JAYC33 L33 DUGARD, Phillip Garrido Is Using God/Religion/Angels To Manipulate Ignorant Fools and Divert Attention Away From Serious Heinous Sexual Crimes/Perversions. So did Josef "Immaculate Conception" Fritzl and Others. Well Josef's Wife Was called roseMARY.....

I have made reference to 33 above, in place of letters. Refer to my other blog HERE, which contains some examples of 33s in action elsewhere. Page Down.....

An Ordinary Couple To Irresponsible Outsiders Who Trust/Believe Anyone, In The UK
- Fred and RoseMary West's Story Below

A day was going to come when Garrido would Retire, enter the Public Eye with Maximum Media Attention, delivering Fresh Material to Hollywood, similar to the day when Fritzl arrived. Today Fritzl relaxes in a 5* Retirement Home (High Security (Mental) Institution) with maximum protection/security. No Deterrent, No Punishment, Just Maximum Protection. It Makes You Wonder......

There Were Similar Attitudes Towards Sexual Crimes Committed During World War II. They Refused To Prosecute Anyone For Sexual Crimes At Nuremberg. Refer To My Post: 4NAZI GERMANY - 'Forced Prostitution and Rape Cases Not Tried' At The Nuremberg Trials

JAYCEE (JC) LEE DUGARD
Born 3 May 1980, South Lake Tahoe, California
Disappeared On 10 June 1991, Aged 11

On 10 June 1991, Jaycee Dugard's stepfather Carl Probyn saw two people in a gray sedan, pull up to a bus stop where Jaycee was waiting and abducted her. Her stepfather was initially a suspect in her disappearance, and took several lie-detector tests.

Alleged Abductor:
Phillip Craig Garrido (Born 5 April 1951, Contra Costa County, California, USA)
A registered sex offender who had spent time in Leavenworth Penitentiary following a 1971 conviction for rape)
Address: 1554 Walnut Ave, Antioch, CA

On 25 August 2009, Phillip Garrido brought two girls, ages 11 and 15, to University of California, Berkeley to distribute religious literature. A campus officer spotted the trio and ran a background check. After learning of Garrido's 1971 rape conviction, she contacted his parole officer. At a parole meeting the next day, Garrido brought the two girls in, along with a woman named "Allissa." They turned out to be Jaycee and the two children she had borne in captivity. Garrido and his wife (Nancy Garrido) were arrested on the spot, and Jaycee was turned over to police. On 27 August 2009, the woman was confirmed to be Jaycee Lee.

Law enforcement officers believe that Jaycee Lee Dugard was kept in outdoor sheds or tents in a hidden area behind Phillip Garrido's residence and was used as a sex slave for Garrido and his wife Nancy. Dugard became pregnant several times during captivity, bearing at least two daughters. According to law enforcement, Dugard was in good physical health, but neither Dugard or her daughters had been to school or had seen a doctor in the years since she was abducted.

News is Currently Breaking On This Story So Only A Few Links of Interest, At The Moment
FBI Kidnap File (FBI)
KCRA 3 - Full Video Interview With Phillip Craig Garrido - KCRA (USA)
Garrido kept an internet blog associated with God’s Desire church : Voices Revealed
Kidnap of Jaycee Lee Dugard - Wiki
They Slept In My Arms Every Night! : Sick boasts of kidnapper who held Jaycee Dugard for 18 years and fathered her two children - Daily Mail (UK) - 28 August 2009

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TIME IS UP!

Common Sense Must Prevail Everyone......... As We All Know, Religions Have Had Ample Time (Centuries and Each Generation) To Invoke Their God Publicly, To Demonstrate To Believers and Non-Believers Alike, that A Superior Being Exists and Even Supports Their Religious Endeavours. No Proof Has Been Forthcoming. Unfortunately history has already proven, beliefs have often been cemented through conformity, coercion/persecution/bloodshed, tax evasion/avoidance strategies and hand outs.

Common Sense Must Prevail Everyone....... As a consequence, nobody should be surprised when they eventually learn about hidden elements within religions and external entities, who have pursued impersonating God and even arousing dark/evil elements through All known Methods to mankind, including the ancient practices of Human Sacrifice and Sacrificial Worship. We can not ignore the fact that these (religious) entities may also be acting on the Assumed Communications of Energies/Dark Forces in their environment, which they believe are relaying messages, through certain Events, People and Objects.

When considering the relevance of a Human Being's judgment in life, one must consider how many facts and how much evidence a person truly gathers and needs before establishing beliefs and passing objective fact based opinions. Unfortunately Religious People do believe Something based on very little/weak evidence. This Adolescent Attitude will naturally prevail in the delivery of judgment/opinions about other issues in their life including people, outside of religion. Into this group of Adolescent Judgers, also falls people who solely pass positive judgment based on appealing physical appearances, sexual attraction, status/wealth and preferred religious identity.

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For The Purpose of Registering Factual Profiles for LEGAL REASONS/ACTIONS (Which I am Involved With Today) and for The Public Records in the UK and Abroad, Of People and Those Connected With Them, Responsible For Making False Missing Person Reports/Statements (including 9/11 - Refer To This Shocking Post : 9/11 World Trade Center Fraudsters, Scam Artists, False Victims; conflict zones, natural disasters, etc), OBSTRUCTING JUSTICE and intentionally delivering/Registering Diversionary Fictitious/Defamatory Profiles for Motives Of Silencing Factual Communications, even pursuing destroying employment, which always had the aim of Ensuring Past Crimes Of The Source(s) and Their Associates, Were not Exposed and Future Crimes (Real Harm, Injury and Death) Would Not Be Stopped, THIS POST PRESENTS INFORMATION, WHICH WAS COMMON KNOWLEDGE IN 1994-1997.

False Missing Person Reporters ALWAYS Have Something Evil/Sinister To Hide. Help These Liars Circulate False Reports and Obstruct Justice, At Future Risk To Your Families and Yourself, Especially When Someone is THEN Actually Harmed and Killed. How Stupid Are You, In Reality?

I Have Nothing to Hide About My Life - Do You?! I naturally would turn down a job with Warner Brothers Film Studios, UK.

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HISTORICAL CASES OF ABDUCTION, IMPRISONMENT,
SEXUAL ABUSE & MURDER OF ADULTS AND CHILDREN
By Parents and Strangers

Paul Martin Andrews (born 1960) is an American rape victim advocate. In 1973 (13 years old) he was kidnapped in his native Virginia and hidden in an underground box by a known sexual predator, Richard Ausley for over a week in 1973. Shackled and left to starve, he was rescued by rabbit hunters eight days later.

Thirty years after his ordeal, he went public with his story and became an activist for bolstering Virginia law with additional funding for continued civil commitments for sex offenders after their criminal sentences end. In this case, Virginia did not get a chance to test its new Civil Commitment for Sexually Violent Predators Act. Ausley's sentence was extended by five years after another victim came forward. Richard Ausley was never committed to a psychiatric facility. Instead, he was sent to a high-security prison for especially disruptive inmates and placed in a cell with a convict who had himself been molested as a child. Shortly afterwards in January 2004, Ausley was murdered in his prison cell. http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2003/01/30/coverStoryBoxedInABoysLost.html

Sabine Dardenne (born 1983) is a Belgian woman who, at the age of twelve, on 28 May 1996, was kidnapped by serial killer Marc Dutroux while on her way to school. Dardenne was one of Dutroux's last two victims. She survived, but four other girls and an alleged accomplice named Bernard Weinstein were found dead on Dutroux's properties. Dardenne and 14-year-old Laetitia Delhez, who had been abducted a couple of days earlier, were rescued on 15 August 1996 by the Belgian police, two days after Dutroux had been arrested. Dutroux admitted to having raped them both and abducting them. Dardenne's ordeal in the basement of Dutroux's house lasted 80 days. On 22 June 2004, Dutroux received the maximum sentence of life imprisonment. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/apr/18/ukcrime.features11

Lydia Gouardo was born on 13 November 1962 in Maisons-Alfort, France. She is a French woman who was imprisoned for 28 years, raped, and tortured by her legal father (he was not her biological father) in their home in Meaux and Coulommes in Seine et Marne. The abuse took place from 1971 to 1999. Lydia gave birth to six children, having been made pregnant by her father. During her imprisonment, she escaped and phoned legal aid, but her father recaptured her in a family residence in Melun. She was finally freed in 1999 when her father died. Her mother was convicted for not reporting crimes she was aware of and also for sexual abuse against one of Lydia's children.

She said while she was tortured by her father, she was not imprisoned - but she was not allowed outside the family home and was often tied up in the attic. She still has scars from her neck to her ankles, mainly burn marks from boiling water or hydrochloric acid. She said she fled their home several times when she was young, but each time was brought back by police. http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30200-1314849,00.html

Natascha Kampusch (born 1988 in Vienna) is an Austrian woman who was abducted at the age of 10 on 2 March 1998, and remained in custody of her kidnapper, Wolfgang Priklopil, for more than eight years, until she escaped on 23 August 2006. Priklopil, having found that the police were after him, killed himself by jumping in front of a suburban train near the Wien Nord station in Vienna. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natascha_Kampusch

Charles “Charlie” Allen Keever (1980 - 27 March 1993) was a 13 year old boy who was murdered on 27 March 1993, in San Diego County, California, along with his friend, 9 year old Jonathan Sellers. The murder of both boys went unsolved for 8 years. In March 2001 a DNA database identified Scott Erskine as a suspect from the DNA found at the time of the murder. Erskine was already in prison for a rape committed six months after the boys murder. In 2003 Erskine went to trial on the charges of two counts of murder with the special allegations of sodomy, oral copulation, child molestation and torture and three counts of special circumstances: torture, sexual assault and multiple murders, he was found guilty. During the penalty phase one juror did not want to give Erskine the death penalty so the judge declared a mistrial for the penalty phase portion of the trial. In April 2004 a new jury was convened and they voted unanimously for a death sentence. On 1 September 2004 a California judge sentenced Erskine to death row and he was sent to San Quentin State Prison. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Charlie_Keever

Sian Kingi was a 12-year-old girl who, in 1987, was abducted, raped and killed in Noosa, Queensland, Australia. Barrie Watts and Valmae Beck, a married couple, were convicted in 1988 of the much-publicised crime and were each sentenced to life imprisonment.
http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/queensland/sians-murder-still-haunts-nation/2008/05/07/1210131039392.html

Polly Hannah Klaas (3 January 1981 - October/November 1993) was an American murder victim whose case gained national attention. At the age of 12, she was kidnapped at knife point from her mother's home during a slumber party in Petaluma, California on 1 October 1993. She was later raped and strangled. Richard Allen Davis was convicted of her murder in 1996 and sentenced to death. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/klaas/1.html

Kimberly Diane Leach, (28 October 1965 – 9 February 1978) was a 12 year old student at Lake City Junior High School, in Lake City, Florida, and the final and youngest known murder victim of Ted Bundy. Bundy was convicted, sentenced to death, and electrocuted by the State of Florida on 24 January 1989 for the murder of Leach. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Leach

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The LINZ SISTERS, Viktoria, Katharina and Elisabeth, are three women who were imprisoned in a cellar for seven years from 1998 to 2005. They were imprisoned there by their mother, and are known as the Linz sisters because the crime took place in Linz, Austria. Their mother gained custody of the children following her divorce, at the age of 53. Afterwards, she suffered a mental breakdown. She withdrew the children, then aged 7, 11 and 13, from schooling, and imprisoned them in a cellar with no running water in near-total darkness. Her husband, a judge, was unable to see the children despite at least nine claims for access going before the courts. Over the period of their incarceration, the children developed an almost unintelligible language based on German. The girls were rescued only when police broke into the house after a neighbour, who had reported his suspicions several times, threatened a local council official with a lawsuit. On being rescued, the children were found to be severely malnourished and unable to tolerate sunlight. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21210531-2703,00.html

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Maria Monaco, 47, was kept prisoner by her family for 18 years in a small town outside Naples, Italy, for having a baby out of wedlock. Her mother Anna Rosa Golino, 80, brother Prisco, 44, a farmer and sister Michelina, 54, a primary school teacher took action after she had an affair with a mystery man and got pregnant. On 13 June 2008, she was rescued by police after an anonymous tip-off. Her brother and sister were taken into custody, accused of detaining her. Police have questioned Maria's 17-year-old son whom they said was living with his grandmother and 'fully aware of the situation'. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1026429/Woman-kept-captive-filthy-bedroom-dungeon-family-having-baby-wedlock.html

Viktor Mokhov kept two Russian girls, Lena and Katya, in an underground cell for 3 1/2 years in Skopin, Russia. Mokhov abducted the two girls in September 2000, when Lena was 14 and Katya 17 years old, from a disco. He locked them into an underground room that he had built previously underneath the garage of his home, where he regularly abused them sexually. The older girl gave birth to two boys in captivity in 2001 and 2003, and was pregnant when she was freed. Mokhov transferred the two boys to an orphanage. During the last months of their imprisonment, Mokhov took the girls occasionally for walks outside their cellar during the night. The girls managed to hide a note inside an audio cassette their captor had lent them. This note was later found by a boarder in the house, and the girls where finally freed by police in 2004. Their captor was arrested and given seventeen years in a labor camp and two more in prison. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article417480.ece

Samuel James "Jimmy" Ryce (26 September 1985 – 11 September 1995) was a child that was abducted, raped and killed by Juan Carlos Chavez in Homestead, Florida, United States. In the fall of 1998, Juan Carlos Chavez was convicted of kidnapping, sexual assault, and murder. Chavez was given the death penalty. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Jimmy_Ryce

Fusako Sano (also known by the pseudonym Sachiko Yamada) is a Japanese woman who was kidnapped at age ten by Nobuyuki Sato, and held in captivity for nine years and two months from November 13, 1990 to January 28, 2000. In Japan, the case is also known as the Niigata girl confinement incident. Sato is currently serving a 14 year prison sentence. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/01/29/world/main154723.shtml

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Elizabeth Ann Smart (born 3 November 1987) is an American woman who was abducted from her Salt Lake City, Utah bedroom on 5 June 2002 at the age of 14. She was found alive nine months later on 12 March 2003 in Sandy, Utah, about 18 miles from her home, in the company of Brian David Mitchell and Wanda Ileen Barzee, who were indicted for her kidnapping but ruled unfit to stand trial. Mitchell was a polygamist who believed it was his religious right to have more than one wife, even by force. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Smart_kidnapping

LEFT Brian David Mitchell and his Wife Wanda Ileen Barzee

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Eleuterio Soria is a 73 year old Argentine man who was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment for keeping his daughter in captivity for 11 years and sexually abusing her. He fathered two children with her. Soria's trial revealed that he began abusing his daughter in 1992, when she was 12 years old. The following year she became pregnant by her father, prompting her mother to leave their home in La Matanza, a working-class Buenos Aires district. The family's five other siblings eventually left as well. The daughter, whose name was not released, had a second child by her father in 1997. She did flee on various occasions, but would return home after he threatened their two children — often at gunpoint. She finally escaped for good in 2003 and denounced her father to authorities.
http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jpJ4kNdpQOa6I-ck_N-h-Ex1omvQD90QC9C01

Colleen Stan is a 20 year old woman who was kidnapped and sexually assaulted by Cameron Hooker in Red Bluff, California in 1977. On 19 May 1977 Hooker kidnapped Colleen Stan a.k.a. "Carol Smith." Cameron's wife, Janice Hooker, assisted in the kidnapping. Stan was held in captivity for the next seven years. During her imprisonment, Colleen was tortured, sexually assaulted, and led to believe that she was being watched by a large organization called "The Company". Hooker had her sign a "slavery contract" supposedly from "The Company". He assigned her a new slave name, "K", causing comparisons to the Story of O. She was also led to believe that members of her family would be harmed if she attempted to escape. She may have experienced Stockholm syndrome. Hooker kept Stan locked in wooden boxes that he had made. One of the boxes was located under the bed that he shared with his wife. Hooker was sentenced to consecutive terms for the sexual assaults, which totaled 60 years. He also received 1 to 25 years for the kidnapping, plus a 5 to 10 year sentence for using a knife in the process. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/psychology/sex_slave/index.html

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GREAT BRITAIN

Frederick West and his wife Rosemary West

Frederick Walter Stephen West better known as Fred West, was an English serial killer. Between 1967 and 1987, he and his wife Rosemary West imprisoned, tortured, raped and murdered at least 12 young women. The majority of the murders occurred between May 1973 and September 1979 at the couple's home in Gloucester.

Rose came from a family where incest was common. Even after the birth of her fourth child Rose's father, Bill Letts, with Fred's approval, would often visit the West's for sex with his daughter. In December 1972 the Wests carried out a sexual assault on 17-year-old Caroline Roberts (then called Owens), and Fred West raped her. But she dropped that claim, and the following month the Wests were fined for assault, but not convicted. Their only known victim after 1979 was their daughter, Heather, who was killed in June 1987 at the age of 16.

In May 1992, West raped his 13-year-old daughter at Cromwell Street and filmed it, and then raped her twice afterwards. She discussed the incident with her brothers and sisters, who told friends at school. On 6 August 1992, the police decided to investigate, eventually leading to Fred West being charged with 12 counts of murder, with Rose as an accomplice. She was also charged with child cruelty, and the remaining children were placed in foster care. Fred confessed, retracted and then re-confessed to the murder of his daughter, denying that Rose was involved. Rose was not arrested until April 1994, initially on sex offences but later charged with murder. Further bodies were found and on 4 March 1994, West admitted that he had carried out nine more murders, including those of his first wife Rena Costello and Ann McFall.

Fred and Rose West were brought before a magistrates court in Gloucester on 30 June 1994. Immediately afterwards, Fred West was re-arrested on suspicion of murdering Ann McFall, whose body was found on 7 June 1994. On the evening of 3 July 1994, he was charged with her murder. On 1 January 1995, Fred West hanged himself while on remand in his cell at Winson Green. His brief funeral was held in Coventry on 29 March 1995. West was cremated with only three people present. Rosemary West was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Known Victims
1967 - Ann McFall (Scottish nanny and Fred's lover. Was eight months pregnant with his child). Body found in "letterbox field" near Much Marcle.
1970 - Rena Costello (Fred's first wife, also Scottish). Body found in "fingerpost field" near Much Marcle.
1972 - Charmaine West, 8 (Rena's eldest child). Body found beneath 25 Midland Road, Gloucester.
1973 - Linda Gough, 21 (seamstress from Gloucester). Body found beneath 25 Cromwell Street.
1973 - Lucy Partington, 21 (university student, from Gotherington, near Cheltenham). Body found beneath 25 Cromwell Street.
1974 - Carol Cooper,15 (schoolgirl from Worcester). Body found beneath 25 Cromwell Street.
1975 - Juanita Mott, 19 (from Newent, Glos) Body found beneath 25 Cromwell Street.
1975 - Shirley Hubbard, 15 (schoolgirl from Worcester). Body found beneath 25 Cromwell St.
1977 - Therese Siegenthaler, 21 (Swiss hitchhiker). Body found beneath 25 Cromwell St.
1977 - Alison Chambers, 17 (originally from Swansea). Body found in garden of 25 Cromwell St.
1978 - Shirley Robinson, 18 (lodger and Fred's lover. Heavily pregnant). Body found in garden of 25 Cromwell St.
1987 - Heather West, 16 (Fred and Rose's eldest daughter). Body found in garden of 25 Cromwell St.

PICTURES： BOTH KILLED - Left Rena Costello (Fred's First Wife) ＆ Right Heather West (Fred & Rose's Eldest Daughter)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary_West / http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_West

Silvano Orsi and The Sheikh's Belt - A Case To Watch

2009-07-11T09:23:00.002+01:00

Sheikh Falah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan On Right
Silvano Orsi Below

Boundaries of Civilized Behaviour in Europe

Original Post: 11 July 2008 - Updated 11 July 2009

A Shocking Story about the Conduct of Middle Eastern Wealth and Savagery in Switzerland. A Case To Watch......

"I dread to think how this Sheikh treats his Servants and Polo Ponies."

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A Swiss court has convicted a brother of the United Arab Emirates' ruler of assaulting an American man with his belt in a luxury hotel bar in the La Reserve Hotel in Geneva.

Sheikh Falah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was found guilty of inflicting "bodily harm with the use of a dangerous object" and ordered to pay a fine of 10,000 Swiss francs (£5,000), according to the judgment.

If he fails to pay, it will be converted into a 100-day prison term. In addition, the sheikh faces a suspended penalty of 540,000 Swiss francs, payable in the event of another infraction in Switzerland during the next three years, and costs.

The court found the sheikh hit Silvano Orsi, from New York, repeatedly with a steel-buckled belt after Orsi declined a bottle of champagne in August 2003. The sheikh, a brother of Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who was appointed president of the UAE in 2004 after the death of their father, maintains he is innocent.

His lawyer, Marco Crisante, said he will probably appeal. He claimed Orsi's legal complaint was full of lies meant to pressure the sheikh for money.

Orsi, who also holds Italian citizenship, said the judgment was an "immense victory". "I battled for five long years for my rights," he said.

Orsi said that after he refused the champagne, the sheikh, whom he had never met, came up behind him, jostled his glasses, sat in his lap and tried to kiss and fondle him. When Orsi protested, he was assaulted, he said.

Geneva authorities said the sheikh told them he got into an argument with Orsi after hearing someone call him gay. The judgment said the sheikh "suddenly took out his belt and hit him several times with it in the face and on the head".

The three-judge court said it had taken into account testimonies from two former hotel employees.

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SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Emirates sheik appeals Swiss conviction for assault on American in hotel bar (10 July 2008) http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/10/europe/EU-Switzerland-Emirates-Sheik.php

Emirates ruler's brother guilty of assaulting man in bar (2 July 2008)
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/02/internationalcrime.usa

Brother of leader guilty of beating (2 July 2008)
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jul/02/briefly-53770510/

Swiss court convicts Emirates sheik for assaulting American with belt in luxury hotel (1 July 2008) http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/01/europe/EU-Switzerland-Emirates-Sheik.php

Emirates sheik tried in absentia on assault charges in Switzerland (19 June 2008)
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/19/europe/EU-GEN-Switzerland-Emirates-Sheik.php

Additional Pictures (As Referred to in Comments) Have Been Removed In Anticipation of Images and Stories of Humanitarian Actions Being Delivered and Circulated Widely. Could Be Waiting a Long Time.....For The Chukkaa!

Refer to This Post For Latest Information Concerning This Case:

Silvano Orsi - Keeping an Eye on All The Players

2009-06-25T09:27:00.010+01:00

SILVAno ORSi
Keeping an Eye on All The Players, Their Covert and Overt Decisions/Actions

Silvano Orsi is a Brave Man. He is fighting a Cause in the 21st Century, which has consequences for victims of similar acts of violence in different countries including Europe and the UAE. Let us acknowledge, Silvano is acting in the interests of Civilized Justice and on behalf of other victims, who are unable to seek legal remedies themselves, around the world.

JUSTICE VERSUS GREED

Silvano has been accused of pursuing this case in the interests of money. Well, those with more money would say that, wouldn't they! They say it Every Single Time, even when it is not The Case. Silvano Orsi has Witnesses and Justice Must Be Served. Surely there are other victims and witnesses globally, who have been targetted by Sheikh Falah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan and His Associates, with the same violent acts.

Some very simple questions need to be answered and publicized in this case :

In which countries and banks does Sheikh Falah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan have investments and funds? How much? How long have these funds been there? Who is dependent on these funds in these countries? Why are funds really being held outside the UAE?

If financial deposits and investments are significant, intimidation and threats of removing funds are recognized global tools for exerting pressure on decision makers, including the judiciary.

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Extracts from Silvano's Recent Telephone Interview with Swisster.ch
- American Seeks Justice Against ‘Champagne Sheikh’ - 18 June 2009

After losing a court battle in Switzerland with a member of the ruling United Arab Emirates’ family who whipped him with a belt in a Geneva bar, an American former Swisscom executive is appealing the case to the European Court of Human Rights. A former American expat plans to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights after Switzerland’s top court upheld the acquittal of an Arab sheikh charged for whipping him with a belt in La Réserve, a luxury Geneva hotel.

Orsi, has told Swisster he believes Switzerland has violated his basic human rights in a bid to appease a powerful Arabic ruling family.

Last June, a Geneva police court fined the sheikh 10,000 francs, in addition to issuing a suspended sentence equivalent to a 540,000-franc fine, after finding him guilty of assault causing bodily harm with a dangerous weapon. But in March this year a cantonal appeals court quashed the conviction, ruling that the belt was not a dangerous object.

DANGEROUS OBJECTS

A belt is not a dangerous object but then nor is a bicycle brake cable until it is used as a Garrote! A woman with long finger nails or even a finger with the right attitude, can damage, even scratch your eyes out. As for a fist...... Any Act of Violence and Savagery.....

It would appear Switzerland needs to revisit the floggings and whippings of Black Slaves, the back bone of the United States of America today, along with the motives and the financial status of the Former Sadistic Slave Masters.

History is an Early Warning System but as we know, only those with An Education, will ever base their decisions and behaviour on Historical Lessons Learned.

Last week, Switzerland’s supreme court in Lausanne upheld the ruling after rejecting Orsi’s appeal on procedural grounds. The court ruled that as a civil party, the American citizen did not have the legal standing to challenge the acquittal.

Orsi said in addition to appealing to the European court, he has launched a civil case against the sheikh seeking damages and legal costs. As well, he said the US House of Representatives' Human Rights Commission has agreed to look into the matter after he contacted the commission’s co-chairman James McGovern, a Democratic congressman from Massachusetts.

Orsi said he went to a hospital after the attack for treatment of cuts to his face, hands and body after the sheikh wielded the belt. He claims to have suffered herniated discs in his back, permanent nerve damage in his legs and “severe post-traumatic stress disorder” after being pushed to the ground and assaulted by the Arab notable and several of his body guards. “There is a mountain of medical evidence,” he said.

Orsi noted, however, that two employees of La Réserve testified that they saw the sheikh hit him. He said he was disconcerted by the response of hotel staff when he asked them to contact police. “They told me, ‘we will see what what we can do because this is a very important client of ours,’” referring to the sheikh, who was a guest at the hotel.

Orsi said he has been unable to work since the attack and he decided to leave Geneva after twice being threatened in restaurants by a group of three people he identified as “associates” of the sheikh. They were with the Arab leader at La Réserve on the day of the attack, he said.

“They came to me and said we know who you are, we know what happened at La Réserve, if you say anything more we’ll get you” Orsi said. “One of them showed me a gun and said he would use it.” He said he notified Geneva police of the incidents but nothing resulted from his complaint.

TAINTED BLOOD AND ASSOCIATES

We should not ignore the fact that people who choose to associate and be identified with those (including family members) who are abusive, violent and corrupt, are revealing their own attitudes and characters as well as their own covert deeds with people.

It Runs in the Family...... ABC News Exclusive: Torture Tape Implicates UAE Royal Sheikh
Police in Uniform Join In as Victim Is Whipped, Beaten, Electrocuted, Run Over by SUV

PREVIOUS POSTS ABOUT SILVANO ORSI
UAE: The Sheikh's Belt and the Stilletto Heel of Michelle Palmer

Silvano Orsi and The Sheikh's Belt - A Case To Watch

Human Rights - All Posts To JUSTICE Will Be Served From 8 April 2008 - 10 March 2009

2009-03-11T08:46:00.002Z

SUMMARY OF ALL POSTS

This is a Summary of All Posts to JUSTICE Will Be Served - Human Rights - HRLaws Blog from 8 April 2008 through 10 March 2009. I have included a Blend of Factual Information from NESW including details of my own Personal Experiences involving my Blood Relations and their Associates who are guilty of Human Rights Violations and Abuses as well as proving their contempt for Established Laws, Restrictions and Boundaries. References to Human Rights Instruments are included in some posts: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, European Convention on Human Rights 1953 and the UK Human Rights Act 1998.

My Second Blog: International 7/7 London Bombings Inquiry (AA-1177) also raises some Human Rights Issues. The aim of the AA-1177 blog is To Think Outside The Box. Instead of focusing on what the government and media reports, and wants us to Hear and Believe, let us discover a few logical and connected details, by ourselves....

*** ...BOS∞BOS>(II/2)>LAX... + ...IAD>(V/5)>LAX... + ...EWR>(PENN)>SFO... ***

**

LIST OF POSTS

Tuesday, March 10, 2009
UDHR Translations - Arabic, Czech, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian & Spanish
Links to Over 300 Translations of the UDHR - Sites Used: Amnesty International, BOES, KnowYourRights, UN and The High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) Refers to Human Rights Violations of Blood Relations and Their Associates

Wednesday, March 4, 2009
Ameneh Bahrami - Why Acid Attacks Will Continue On Muslim Women/Children in the 21st Century and Beyond - Inequality of Justice For The Physically Weak In Iran
Her Recent Interview on Spanish Radio. Contains references to Iran’s Constitution, Penal Code and Qisas/The Bill of Retribution (1982), all responsible for enforcing the inequality of justice for women.

Sunday, February 22, 2009
SELF IMMOLATION - Dying For A Cause > Human Rights > Violations and Abuses
Many people have committed self immolation with the goal of raising attention about a variety of human rights violations and abuses, oppression, persecution as well as crime and political corruption, in their own countries and elsewhere. This post identifies the names and the stories behind self immolations, worldwide.

Thursday, February 19, 2009
Majid Movahedi - Iran State Supreme Court Rejects Appeal
Iran's State Supreme Court has upheld a sentence of blinding Majid Movahedi for throwing acid into the face of Ameneh Bahrami who spurned him.

Tuesday, February 17, 2009
8NAZI GERMANY - UNWCC United Nations War Crimes Commission Law Reports
The UNWCC prepared and published a 15 volume set of law reports covering 89 War Crimes Trials, after World War II. This post contains links to all of these volumes as well as a simple list of cases by volume.

Friday, February 13, 2009
Oliveira - Brazilian Lawyer Attacked By Neo Nazis in Switzerland
Why do Neo Nazis still exist? Why did they attack a Brazilian Woman (with Twins) in Switzerland?
Swiss Authorities are claiming this widely circulated media story is fictitious.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
7NAZI GERMANY - WWII BY INTERNATIONAL DESIGN - THE ECONOMY AND FOREIGN INVESTORS
Contains information about the Vital Component of Nazi Germany's War Infrastructure. A Brief History of the German Economy and Hermann Goering's Four Year Plan. Role of Jewish Public Protests and their Boycott of German Goods in 1933 and Germany's Retaliatory Actions. The Real Role of Neutral Countries During the War. Post War Looting of German Patents, Cover Up of German Research on Tobacco and Cancer and the Removal/Kidnap of Nazi Experts to Allied Countries. The Role of Foreign Subsidiaries/Investors before and during World War II in Germany.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
6NAZI GERMANY - STERILIZATION AND EUTHANASIA PROGRAMS
Life “Unworthy of Life” A Brief History of the Sterilization and the Euthanasia Programs and German Public Opposition. The Use of Cost Benefits Analysis in Nazi Medicine to Educate Children about the Monetary Value of Human Life. Refers to Personal Actions of Blood Relations.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
5NAZI GERMANY - THE DOCTORS & MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS
The Nazi Doctors' Nuremberg Trial and Details of Their Experiments. Names of Nazi Doctors who Escaped Prosecution. Information about Post War Unethical Experiments Without Informed Consent, in the USA, Russia, South Africa and Israel. Refers to the Experiences of My Blood Relations and Their Associates During the War.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
4NAZI GERMANY - FORCED PROSTITUTION & RAPE NAZI GERMANY -
'CASES NOT TRIED' AT THE NUREMBERG TRIALS
Sexual Crimes Were Not Tried at Nuremberg even though There Were Established Laws Condemning These Crimes. Information About Nazi Military Brothels and Concentration Camp Brothels. Evidence and Testimonies from Witnesses. Both Axis and Allied Forces were Guilty of Sexual Violence and Rape. Refers to the Experiences of My Blood Relations and Their Associates During the War.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
3NAZI GERMANY - SLAVE & FORCED LABOUR
Without Forced and Slave Labour the Nazi War Machine would have Collapsed, bringing the War to a Swift End. A Brief History of Forced and Slave Labour Before, During and After World War II. Details of The Nuremberg Trials for German Industrialists - Flick, Krupp and IG Farben. Refers to the Experiences of My Blood Relations and Their Associates During the War.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
2NAZI GERMANY - EUGENICS, RACIAL PURITY & PERSECUTION
The US Influenced Nazi Germany's Eugenics Program. A Snapshot of the Diverse Groups Persecuted and Imprisoned in Concentration Camps. The Nuremberg Trial, Which Dealt With Racial Purity - RuSHA (USA vs. Ulrich Greifelt et al).

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
1NAZI GERMANY - UN CHARTER & UDHR
Why WWII Drove The Creation Of The UN Charter and the UDHR. Refers to My Motives For Coming To Geneva in 1994 to stop Certain Human Rights Violations in Great Britain.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
0NAZI GERMANY - INTRODUCTION TO SERIES OF POSTS
This post is part of a series covering World War II Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. My aims are to present: Some of the reasons why the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent HR Instruments Were Created and Are Currently Being Ignored, and To Publicize Present Day Human Rights Abuses, the Perpetrators and their Motives, including my own blood relations and their associates.

Sunday, January 11, 2009
War Crimes in Israel Gaza Strip - Disproportionate Retaliation
Select Media Stories Of War Crimes in the Israel Gaza Strip Conflict.

Saturday, December 20, 2008
DOG BITES ATTACKS - The Dangerous World of Possession, Materialism & Dogs (As Weapons)
This post endeavors to bring home the Denied Reality of dog people who are fully responsible for the violence and ferocious attacks on children and adults. The owner of these dogs obtained the animal in the knowledge that these dogs could display at any time, with their magnificent fangs, their natural behavior and instincts. Some recent stories from around the world. Refers to the Actions of a Blood Relation, who was involved with a dog attack on a small child.

Sunday, December 14, 2008
Her Name is Ameneh Bahrami and She Wished No Harm........So Why Harm Her?.........Iran Acid Attack
A man blinded Ameneh in an acid attack after she spurned his marriage proposals. He has been sentenced to the same punishment, in a literal application of Iran's sharia Eye-for-an-Eye Qisa laws.

Thursday, December 4, 2008
Shannon Matthews - £50,000 pounds Of ILL WILL Bait From The Sun (Newspaper)
She Was Reported Missing - When She Never Was - The Motivation - Money! The Police Search for Shannon Matthews cost nearly £3.2 million. Karen Matthews, 33, and her accomplice, Michael Donovan, 40 - the uncle of Matthews' former partner, Craig Meehan - were today convicted of false imprisonment, kidnap and perverting the course of justice.

Monday, December 1, 2008
ANGELA CORNES (Angel from Hell) versus MARTIN GILBERTSON (Ex Hells Angel)
The Murder of Banaz Mahmod in Policewoman Angela Cornes Hands versus the acts of an Ex Hells Angel, who contacted Anti-Terrorist Police about the 7/7 London Suicide Bombers in 2003. Real Angels do not Wear Uniforms and Have Wings. Refers to Personal Actions.

Wednesday, November 26, 2008
The British Fritzl - Another Perverted Gaffer with His Accomplice
The 56-year-old British Fritzl who has been compared to the notorious Austrian Josef Fritzl, was given 25 life sentences for the horrific catalogue of rapes and abuse he inflicted on his two daughters.

Wednesday, November 19, 2008
Saudi Arabia Attacks Doctor Raouf Amin, An Egyptian who bowed To his ROYAL Patients

Tuesday, September 2, 2008
Hannibal & Aline - Use Your Own Hospitals in Libya, Next Time!
Servants drop charges against Kadhafi's Son - Two servants who accused the son of Libyan leader Moamer Kadhafi of mistreating them in a Geneva hotel have dropped their legal complaints against him and his wife.

Tuesday, September 2, 2008
Pakistan - Jafferabad District - Baba Kot - This is Not Cricket!
Five Women wanted to pick their Own Husbands - Their Punishment - Buried Alive in Mass Honour Killing.

Thursday, August 14, 2008
Bulgaria - Ilko Todorov, 7 Year Old Chained to the Kitchen Sink
Bulgarian Parents Chained Son to Sink while the Dog Roamed Freely. A Bulgarian couple chained their seven-year-old boy to the kitchen sink to prevent him from misbehaving while they were at work.

Monday, August 11, 2008
Hannibal Gaddafi and His Wife Alin/Aline Versus Innocent Hostages in Libya
Ali Benouari, the president of the Swiss Association of Muslims for Secularism and Union of North Africans in Switzerland - "We will organize a march to encourage Switzerland to remain firm against Libya and demand the immediate and unconditional release of hostages held on Libyan territory."

Monday, August 11, 2008
UAE - Slavery in the Conrad Hotel, Brussels - Monarchies/Royalty are Not Above the Law!
Seven family members of deceased Emir Muhammed Khalid Al Nahyan from the United Arab Emirates were charged on 29 July 2008 with exploiting servants, while living in the Conrad Hotel, Brussels, Belgium.

Monday, August 4, 2008
Josef Fritzl - Slavery and Imprisonment Charges - Latest News and Information
A prosecutor says Josef Fritzl, the man who held his daughter captive for 24 years in a cellar and fathered seven children with her, may be charged with slavery.

Tuesday, July 29, 2008
Al-Gaddafi (Libya) Speaks - UN Security Council and International Criminal Courts and Tribunals
Speech Made By Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi/al-Gathafi about the UN Security Council and the illegality of International Criminal Courts and Tribunals.

Thursday, July 24, 2008
Switzerland versus Libya - Part 2 of "Hannibal" Motassim Bilal Gaddafi
Switzerland versus Libya - Part 2 of "Hannibal" Motassim Bilal Gaddafi with His Wife Alin Skaf/Aline Skaff.

Monday, July 21, 2008
"Hannibal" Motassim Bilal Gaddafi - Another Belt and Coat Hanger
Colonel Gadaffi’s son and daughter-in law have been Freed on Bail in Switzerland after being arrested on on charges of making threats, coercion and assaulting their domestic staff, a Moroccan Male and a Female Tunisian.

Monday, July 21, 2008
Forced Human TRAFFICKING/Sexual Exploitation - The End Users/The Clients Are As Guilty As The Traffickers
This post focuses on Forced Human Trafficking in the Balkans and contains extracts from two official Reports providing a picture of the actual experiences of victims including their testimonies. Reports Used: Changing Patterns and Trends of Trafficking in Persons in the Balkan Region (IOM) & Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro): "So does it mean that we have the rights?" (Amnesty International)

Tuesday, July 15, 2008
UAE: The Sheikh's Belt and the Stilletto Heel of Michelle Palmer
This post follows on from the Sheikh's Belt Story. The indecent acts of Michelle Palmer (MP) and Vince Acors (VA) (British Citizens) in a Public Place in Dubai, UAE and the guilty judgement of Sheikh Falah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan in Switzerland for inflicting "bodily harm with the use of a dangerous object".

Friday, July 11, 2008
Silvano Orsi and The Sheikh's Belt - A Case To Watch
A Shocking Story about the Conduct of Middle Eastern Wealth and Savagery in Switzerland. A Swiss court has convicted Sheikh Falah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, a brother of the United Arab Emirates' ruler of assaulting an American man with his belt in a luxury hotel bar in the La Reserve Hotel in Geneva, Switzerland.

Thursday, July 10, 2008
UNESCO World Press Freedom Prize Journalists - UDHR Freedom of Expression
In 1993 the United Nations designated the 3rd of May as World Press Freedom Day, a day for raising international awareness of the importance of freedom of the press. Starting in 1997, Winners of the UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize.

Wednesday, July 9, 2008
Whistleblowers - Human Rights Violators, National Security, Government & Armed Forces
These Whistleblowers have exposed the Secret Rendition Program, Foreign Spy Rings, Illegal Nuclear Weapons Trade, Human Rights violations including torture and abuse in Abu Ghraib; Disinformation - Intelligence fixed for political purposes in the lead up to invasions such as Iraq, etc

Monday, June 23, 2008
RAPE in the Armed Forces - During War and Peace Time
Historical Examples of Rape being used as An Instrument of Armed Conflict by the Military During War and Peace Time. Rape and Sexual Violence in the Context of International Law. Refers to Personal and Known Experiences as well as Their Cover Up.

Monday, June 23, 2008
Discrimination and Persecution of Atheists, Agnostics and Irreligious People
The Meaning of Atheism, Agnosticism and an Irreligious Person. Discrimination and Persecution in Different Countries. List of Famous Atheists. There are still too many stories of different religions persecuting each other and non-believers. None of these groups have the higher moral ground nor can they invoke their God to prove their God actually exists. Refers to Personal Experiences.

Monday, June 16, 2008
Slavery, Servitude, Forced or Compulsory Labour - UDHR, ECHR & UKHRA
An Introduction to Slavery, Servitude and Forced/Compulsory Labour. Refers to UDHR Article 4, ECHR Article 4 & UKHRA Article 4, Slavery Convention (1926) and Forced Labour Convention (No. 29) 28 June 1930 by ILO. Refers To Personal Experiences With My Blood Relations and Associates.

Monday, June 16, 2008
Honour Killings - Why Do They Happen?
Brian Whitaker's article "Rights in Practice - Considering How to Deal with 'Honour' Killings may provide a Model for Human Rights Activism in other situations"

Wednesday, June 11, 2008
Josef Fritzl - Other Cases of Abduction and Imprisonment of Adults and Children
Highly Disturbing Historical Cases of Abduction, Imprisonment, Sexual Abuse & Murder Of Adults and Children By Parents and Strangers.

Friday, June 6, 2008
Emile Zola and the Dreyfus Affair - “J’ACCUSE...!” - SO DO I!
The Dreyfus Affair and Emile Zola's Gift to the World "J'Accuse!"

Monday, June 2, 2008
Open Invitation to Hijackers and Terrorists - Afghan Hijack, Stansted Airport, Great Britain 2000
The Afghan Hijackers in 2000 and Human Rights Law. What are the Hijackers Doing Now?

Tuesday, May 27, 2008
Burma/Myanmar International Joint Ventures - UN Security Council Members and the Junta
Capitalizing On Grief, Death and Human Rights Violations - All Five UN Permanent Security Council Member States are Doing Business with the Burmese Junta. Refers To Actions Of My Blood Relations and Their Associates.

Tuesday, May 27, 2008
Save the Children Report - No One To Turn To
Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Aid Workers and Peacekeepers. This Report is based on 38 focus group discussions with a total of 341 people living in chronic emergencies in three countries (Southern Sudan, Côte d’Ivoire and Haiti).

Friday, May 23, 2008
28 May Important?! Amnesty International Peter Benenson's The Forgotten Prisoners
On the 28 May 1961 - Peter Benenson's article "The Forgotten Prisoners" was published. Amnesty International was founded in Luxembourg in July at a meeting of Peter Benenson and six other men. My Birthday!

Monday, May 19, 2008
Human Rights Annual Reports & Global Practices
The following reports are produced annually - Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, etc.

Wednesday, May 14, 2008
Unarmed Humanitarian Aid Workers Killed In Action
Humanitarian Aid Workers had one Transparent Mandate, which was destroyed because of an attack, kidnapping, carjacking, serious injury, murder, a transport accident or evacuation. This post contains a list of Humanitarian Aid Workers killed from 1993 through 2008. Refers to Personal Experiences.

Saturday, May 10, 2008
UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) - A Bloody Joke! - Freedom House
Along with UN Watch, an organization that analyzes UN activities, statements and programs, Freedom House has declared that five of the 15 candidate countries -- Bahrain, Gabon, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Zambia -- are entirely unfit for membership because of their rights records. All but one of them (Bahrain) is already a member of the commission. This goes to show how useless the UN is at protecting Human Rights.

Friday, May 9, 2008
A Statement From Josef Fritzl Before his Trial - Rudolf Mayer, His Lawyer

Tuesday, May 6, 2008
Josef Fritzl - Insanity Plea REJECTED - Article 2 EC Human Rights
In the European Courts - European Convention on Human Rights Osman v UK - (28 October 1998) - The judgment said individuals should have access to the courts to hold the police accountable for the "actions and omissions".

Monday, May 5, 2008
Honour Killings - Victims in European Countries
In memory of Victims of Honour Killings. If Great Britain thinks British Women will accept the Import of Brutal Acts from Other Countries and a return to the Medieval/Dark Ages, just because These Countries are the Sources of Rich Financial Rewards and Trade as well as Natural Resources, Expect Adverse Consequences. British Women Fought and Died for Respect, Equality and Emancipation, for a Reason.
Refers to Personal Actions Involving Charities.

Thursday, May 1, 2008
The Life of Verity
Why The JUSTICE Will Be Served Blog is Necessary? Countries, employment and some mental and physical exercise thrown in. Refers Directly to the Actions of My Blood Relations and Their Associates as well as Their Motives.

Saturday, April 26, 2008
Some Boundaries To Freedom Of Expression
Some Of The Boundaries To Freedom Of Expression (Defamation, Slander, Libel, Malicious Falsehoods, etc) Refers Directly to Some Of The Actions of My Blood Relations and Associates.

Saturday, April 12, 2008
Human Rights and Some Boundaries - I have Done My Duty!
Some of the Articles and Text from the UDHR, ECHR, and UKHR Act, side by side for comparative purposes covering Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour; Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion; Freedom of Expression; Freedom of Assembly and Association; Right to Respect for Private and Family Life and Prohibition of Abuse of Rights. Refers Directly to Some Of The Actions of My Blood Relations and Associates.

Thursday, April 10, 2008
HUMAN RIGHTS - Concepts, Philosophies, Organizations & Legal Instruments
Numerous Links to Wikipedia Information about Human Rights.

Thursday, April 10, 2008
Separate the Genuine from the Fake
A Genuine refugee/asylum seeker lives in Genuine Fear of returning to persecution (Reason of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a "social group”) therefore they will be grateful and respectful towards the state that provides refuge and protection. Refers to Personal Experiences.

Tuesday, April 8, 2008
The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights & Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR)
- Council Of Europe
"The Convention" The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Europe as amended by Protocol No. 11 with Protocol Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 12 and 13.

UDHR Translations - Arabic, Czech, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian & Spanish

2009-03-10T10:24:00.020Z

UDHR (Universal Declaration Of Human Rights) in Arabic, Czech, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian & Spanish - Also Includes links to 359 translations of the UDHR from the unhchr.ch website.

The http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/ link (The High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva) appears to be in a Coma, preventing all access to the UDHR in English and in over 300 other languages. This post contains a series of Operational Internet Links to the UDHR, in eleven key languages.

11 March 2009 Update
The Above Link is now Accessible! For All (359) Translations of the UDHR, Go To UNHCHR's
Alphabetical Listing HERE or browse through the complete list at the end of this post.

ARABIC UDHR (Boes Website)
ARABIC UDHR Information Site (UN)
ARABIC UDHR PDF (Amnesty International)

CHINESE (MANDARIN) UDHR (UN)
CHINESE (MANDARIN) UDHR PDF (Amnesty International)

CZECH UDHR PDF (Amnesty International) VŠEOBECNÁ DEKLARACE LIDSKÝCH PRÁV

ENGLISH UDHR (KnowYourRights) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
ENGLISH UDHR (UN)

FRENCH UDHR (KnowYourRights) Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme
FRENCH UDHR PDF (Amnesty International)

GERMAN UDHR (KnowYourRights) Die Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte
GERMAN UDHR PDF (Amnesty International)

ITALIAN UDHR (KnowYourRights) Dichiarazione Universale Del Diritti Umani
ITALIAN UDHR PDF (Amnesty International)

POLISH UDHR PDF (Amnesty International) POWSZECHNA DEKLARACJA PRAW CZŁOWIEKA

PORTUGUESE UDHR (KnowYourRights) Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos
PORTUGUESE UDHR PDF (Amnesty International)

RUSSIAN UDHR (UN) Всеобщая декларация прав человека
RUSSIAN UDHR Russian Wiki Link

SPANISH UDHR (UN) La Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos
SPANISH UDHR PDF (Amnesty International) Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos
SPANISH UDHR Spanish Information Site (UN)
SPANISH UDHR Wiki Link

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359 TRANSLATIONS OF THE UDHR

These links originate from http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/navigate/alpha.htm. I have decided to include this list just in case there are further problems in the future with access to this page.

	Language Name	Source
A	Abkhaz	OHCHR
	Achehnese	DPI/UNIC
	Achuar-Chicham	OHCHR
	Achuar-Shiwiar	CNDDHH
	Adja	NGO
	Afaan Oromo (Oromiffa)	Other
	Afrikaans	DPI/UNIC
	Aguaruna	CNDDHH
	A'ingae	OHCHR
	Akuapem Twi	NANBPWC
	Albanian (Shqip)	DPI
	Amahuaca	CNDDHH
	Amarakaeri	CNDDHH
	Amharic	UNESCO
	Amuesha-Yanesha	CNDDHH
	Arabela	CNDDHH
	Arabic (Alarabia)	DPI
	Armenian	DPI
	Asante	NANBPWC
	Ashàninca	CNDDHH
	Ashéninca	CNDDHH
	Assamese	DPI
	Assyrian	Other
	Asturian (Bable)	Other
	Awapit	OHCHR
	Aymara	CNDDHH
	Azeri/Azerbaijani (Cyrillic)	DPI
	Azeri/Azerbaijani (Latin)	DPI
B	Bable (Asturian)	Other
	Bahasa Melayu (Malay)	DM
	Bahasa Indonesia
	Bai Coca	OHCHR
	Balinese	DPI/UNIC
	Balochi	DPI/UNIC
	Bambara	DM
	Baoulé/Baule	DM
	Basque (Euskara)	DPI/UNIC
	Batonu (Bariba)	NGO
	Belorus (Belaruski)	MISSION
	Bemba	DPI/UNIC
	Bengali	DPI
	Bhojpuri	DPI/UNIC
	Bichelamar	Other
	Bikol/Bicolano	Other
	Bora	CNDDHH
	Bosnian (Cyrillic script) (Bosanski)	UNMIBH
	Bosnian (Latin script) (Bosanski)	UNMIBH
	Breton	DM
	Bugisnese	DPI/UNIC
	Bulgarian (Balgarski)	DPI/UNIC
	Burmese/Myanmar	DPI/UNIC
	Béti	DPI/UNIC
C	Cakchiquel	Other
	Campa pajonalino	CNDDHH
	Candoshi-Shapra	CNDDHH
	Caquinte	CNDDHH
	Cashibo-Cacataibo	CNDDHH
	Cashinahua	CNDDHH
	Catalan (Català)	DPI/UNIC
	Cebuano	DPI/UNIC
	Chaa'pala	OHCHR
	Chamorro	DPI
	Changane (Mozambique)	Other
	Chayahuita	CNDDHH
	Chechewa (Nyanja)	Other
	Chickasaw	Other
	Chin Falam	DPI/UNIC
	Chin Hakha	DPI/UNIC
	Chin Tiddim	DPI/UNIC
	Chinanteco	DPI/UNIC
	Chinanteco, Ajitlán	Other
	Chinese (Mandarin)	DPI
	Chuuk (Trukese)	DPI
	Cokwe	UNESCO
	Corsican	DM
	Crioulo (Cabo Verde)	Other
	Crioulo da Guiné-Bissau (Guinea Bissau Creole)
	Croatian (Hrvatski)	MISSION
	Cymraeg (Welsh)	NGO
	Czech (Cesky)	DPI/UNIC
D	Dagaare	DPI
	Dagbani	DPI
	Dangme	DPI
	Danish (Dansk)	DPI/UNIC
	Dari	Other
	Dendi	NGO
	Deutsch (German)	Other
	Dine, Navajo (Navaho)	Other
	Dinka Padang	UNMIS, Sudan
	Diola (Jola-Fogny)	Other
	Ditammari	NGO
	Dutch (Nederlands)	DPI
	Dzongkha/Bhutanese	DPI/UNIC
E	Edo	DPI/UNIC
	Efik (Ibibio)	DPI/UNICCO
	Ellinika' (Greek)	DPI/UNIC
	English	DPI
	Español (Spanish)	DPI
	Esperanto	Other
	Estonian (Eesti)	UNDP
	Euskara (Basque)	DPI/UNIC
	Even	Other
	Ewe/Eve	DPI
F	Fante	DPI
	Faroese	DPI
	Farsi/Persian	DPI
	Fijian	UNDP
	Filipino (Tagalog)	DPI
	Finnish (Suomi)	DPI/UNIC
	Fiote (Angola)	Other
	Fon	NGO
	Forro	Other
	French (Français)	DPI
	Frisian	DPI/UNIC
	Friulian (Friulano)	NGO
G	Ga	DPI
	Gaeilge (Irish Gaelic)	DPI
	Gagauz (Gagauzi)	Other
	Galician (Galego)	DPI/UNIC
	Garifuna (Garífuna)	CNDDHH
	Georgian	Other
	German (Deutsch)	Other
	Gonja	DPI
	Greek (Ellinika')	DPI/UNIC
	Greenlandic (Inuktikut)	DPI
	Guarani	CISA
	Guarayo	UNDP
	Guen (Mina)	NGO
	Gujarati	DPI
	Gàidhlig Albanach (Scottish Gaelic)	DM
H	Haitian Creole (Kreyol)	DPI
	Haitian Creole (popular)	UNDP
	Hani	UNDP
	Hankuko (Korean)	UNESCO
	Hausa/Haoussa	DM
	Hawaiian	Other
	Hebrew (Ivrit)	MISSION
	Hiligaynon	DPI/UNIC
	Hindi	DPI
	Hmong (Miao) Northern East-Guizhou	UNDP
	Hmong (Miao) Southern East-Guizhou	UNDP
	Hmong (Miao), Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan	UNDP
	Hrvatski (Croatian)	MISSION
	Huasteco	DPI/UNIC
	Huitoto Murui	CNDDHH
	Hungarian (Magyar)	DPI
I	Ibibio (Efik)	DPI/UNICCO
	Icelandic (Yslenska)	DPI
	Ido	Other
	Igbo	DM
	Iloko/Ilocano	NGO
	Interlingua	Other
	Inuktikut (Greenlandic)	DPI
	Inuktitut	MISSION
	Irish Gaelic (Gaeilge)	DPI
	Italian (Italiano)	DPI
	Ivrit (Hebrew)	MISSION
J	Japanese (Nihongo)	DPI
	Javanese	DPI/UNIC
	Jola-Fogny (Diola)	Other
	Jñatrjo (Mazahua)	DPI/UNIC
K	K'iche' (Quiché)	Other
	Kabyè	DPI/UNIC
	Kannada	DPI
	Kanuri Yerwa	DPI/UNIC
	Kaonde	DPI/UNIC
	Kapampangan	Other
	Karen (Pwo)	DPI/UNIC
	Karen (S'gaw)	DPI/UNIC
	Kasem	DPI
	Kashmiri	DPI/UNIC
	Kazakh	DPI
	Khalkha (Mongolian)	Other
	Khmer	Other
	Kichwa	OHCHR
	Kikongo ya L'Etat (Kikongo/Kituba)	OHCHR
	Kimbundu (Mbundu)	UNESCO
	Kinyamwezi (Nyamwezi)	UNDP
	Kinyarwanda	DPI
	Korean (Hankuko)	UNESCO
	Kpelewo	Other
	Kreyol (Haitian Creole)	DPI
	Krio	NCDHR
	Kurdish	Other
	Kurmanji	UNDP
	Kyrgyz	MISSION
L	Lamnso' (Lám nso')	Other
	Lao	DPI
	Latin (Latina)	Other
	Latin (Latina)	Other
	Latvian	Other
	Limba	NCDHR
	Lingala	UNDP
	Lithuanian (Lietuviskai)	DPI
	Lozi	DPI/UNIC
	Luba-Kasai (Tshiluba)	Other
	Luganda/Ganda	Other
	Lunda/Chokwe-lunda	DPI/UNIC
	Luvale	DPI/UNIC
	Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergeusch)	Other
M	Macedonian	Other
	Madurese	DPI/UNIC
	Magahi	DPI/UNIC
	Magyar (Hungarian)	DPI
	Makhuwa-Metto (Macua/Shangane)	Other
	Makonde	UNDP
	Makua (Mozambique)	Other
	Malagasy	DPI/UNIC
	Malay (Bahasa Melayu)	DM
	Malayalam	DPI
	Maltese	Other
	Mam	UNDP
	Maninka	Other
	Maori	Other
	Maori (Cook Islands) (Rarotongan)	Other
	Mapudungun (Mapuzgun)	DPI/UNIC
	Marathi	DPI
	Marshallese	DPI
	Marwari	DPI/UNIC
	Matsés	CNDDHH
	Mayan (Yucateco)	DPI/UNIC
	Mazahua (Jñatrjo)	DPI/UNIC
	Mazateco	DPI/UNIC
	Mbundu (Kimbundu)	UNESCO
	Mende	NCDHR
	Mikmaq/Micmac (Mi'kmaq)	MISSION
	Minangkabau	DPI/UNIC
	Miskito (Mískito)	Other
	Mixteco	DPI/UNIC
	Mongolian (Khalkha)	Other
	Mooré/More	UNESCO
	Mozarabic
N	Nahuatl	DPI/UNIC
	Navaho (Dine, Navajo)	Other
	Ndebele	DPI/UNIC
	Nederlands (Dutch)	DPI
	Nepali	DPI
	Ngangela (Nyemba)	UNESCO
	Nigerian Pidgin English	DPI/UNIC
	Nihongo (Japanese)	DPI
	Nomatsiguenga	CNDDHH
	Northern Sotho/Pedi/Sepedi	DM
	Norwegian (Bokmål) (Norsk, Bokmål)	DPI/UNIC
	Norwegian (Nynorsk) (Norsk, Nynorsk)	DM
	Nyamwezi (Kinyamwezi)	UNDP
	Nyanja (Chechewa)	Other
	Nyanja/Chinyanja	DPI/UNIC
	Nzema	DPI
O	Occitan Auvergnat	DM
	Occitan Languedocien	DM
	Ojibway (Ojibwe)	MISSION
	Oriya	DPI
	Oromiffa (Afaan Oromo)	Other
	Osetin (Ossetian)	Other
	Oshiwambo (Ndonga)	DPI/UNIC
	Otomí (Ñahñú)	NGO
P	Paez	Other
	Pai Koka	OHCHR
	Palauan	DPI
	Pashto/Pakhto	UNDP
	Peuhl	Other
	Picard	DM
	Pijin (Solomons Pidgin)	UNDP
	Pipil	OHCHR
	Polish (Polski)	DPI
	Ponapean	DPI
	Portuguese (Português)	DPI/UNIC
	Provençal	Other
	Pulaar	DPI/UNIC
	Punjabi/Panjabi	DPI
	Purhépecha	DPI/UNIC
Q	Q'echi/Kekchi	Other
	Quechua	DPI/UNIC
	Quechua de Ambo-Pasco	CNDDHH
	Quechua de Ayacucho	CNDDHH
	Quechua de Cajamarca	CNDDHH
	Quechua de Cotahuasi (Arequipa)	CNDDHH
	Quechua de Huamalies (Huanuco)	CNDDHH
	Quechua de Margos (Sur de Dios de Mayo, Huanuco)	CNDDHH
	Quechua de Pomabamba (Ancash)	CNDDHH
	Quechua del Callejon de Huaylas	CNDDHH
	Quechua del Cusco	CNDDHH
	Quechua del Norte de Junin	CNDDHH
	Quichua	Other
R	Rarotongan (Maori (Cook Islands))	Other
	Rhaeto-Romance (Rumantsch)	DM
	Romani	DM
	Romani	Other
	Romanian (Româna)	DPI
	Rukonzo (Konjo)	Other
	Rundi/Kirundi	NGO
	Runyankore-rukiga/Nkore-kiga	Other
	Russian (Russky)	DPI
S	Sami/Lappish	DM
	Sammarinese	Other
	Samoan	UNDP
	Sango (Sangho)	UNDP
	Sanskrit	DPI/UNIC
	Sapara Atupama	OHCHR
	Saraiki	Other
	Sardinian	Other
	Scots	Other
	Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig Albanach)	DM
	Seereer	DPI/UNIC
	Seselwa Creole French	Other
	Serbian (Cyrillic) (Srpski)	MISSION
	Serbian (Latin) (Srpski)	MISSION
	Shan	UNIC
	Sharanahua	CNDDHH
	Shipibo-Conibo	CNDDHH
	Shona	DPI/UNIC
	Shqip (Albanian)	DPI
	Shuar Chicham	OHCHR
	Sia Pedee	OHCHR
	Sindhi	DPI/UNIC
	Sinhala	Other
	Siswati	DPI/UNIC
	Slovak (Slovencina)	DPI
	Slovenian (Slovenscina)	DPI
	Solomons Pidgin (Pijin)	UNDP
	Somali	DM
	Soninké (Soninkanxaane)	Other
	Sorbian	MISSION
	Southern Sotho/Sotho/Sesotho/Sutu/Sesutu	DM
	Spanish (Español)	DPI
	Sukuma	UNDP
	Sundanese	DPI/UNIC
	Suomi (Finnish)	DPI/UNIC
	Sussu/Soussou/Sosso/Soso/Susu	Other
	Swahili/Kiswahili	DPI
	Swampy Cree	MISSION
	Swedish (Svenska)	DPI
T	Tahitian	DM
	Tajik	Republic of Tajikistan
	Tamang (Tam)	Other
	Tamazight (Beraber)	Other
	Tamil	Other
	Tatar	NGO
	Tchocwe (Angola)	Other
	Telugu	DPI
	Tetum	Other
	Thai	DPI
	Themne (Temne)	NCDHR
	Tibetan	Other
	Ticuna	CNDDHH
	Tigrinya (Tigrigna)	Other
	Tiv	DPI/UNIC
	Toba	DPI/UNIC
	Tojol-a'b'al	DPI/UNIC
	Tok Pisin	Other
	Tonga	DPI/UNIC
	Tongan (Tonga)	Other
	Totonaco	DPI/UNIC
	Trukese (Chuuk)	DPI
	Tsafiki	OHCHR
	Tshiluba (Luba-Kasai)	Other
	Tshivenda	Other
	Turkish (Türkçe)	Other
	Turkmen	UNESCO
	Tzeltal	DPI/UNIC
	Tzotzil	DPI/UNIC
	Tének (Huasteco)	DPI/UNIC
U	Uighur (Uyghur)	UNDP
	Ukrainian (Ukrayins'ka)	Other
	Umbundu	UNESCO
	Urarina	CNDDHH
	Urdu	DPI/UNIC
	Uzbek (Cyrillic)	UNESCO
	Uzbek (Latin)	UNESCO
V	Vietnamese	UNDP
	Vlach	Other
W	Walloon/Wallon	Other
	Wama	NGO
	Wao Tededo	OHCHR
	Waray	Other
	Wayuu	Other
	Welsh (Cymraeg)	NGO
	Western Sotho/Tswana/Setswana	DM
	Wolof	DPI/UNIC
X	Xhosa	DM
Y	Yagua	CNDDHH
	Yao	ONHCHR
	Yapese	DPI
	Yi	UNDP
	Yiddish	Other
	Yoruba (Yorùbá)	DM
	Yslenska (Icelandic)	DPI
	Yukagir	Other
Z	Zapoteco	DPI/UNIC
	Zapoteco, San Lucas Quiaviní	Other
	Zhuang	UNDP
	Zulu	Other
Ñ	Ñahñú (Otomí)	NGO

AMENEH BAHRAMI - Why Acid Attacks In the Muslim World Will Continue

2009-03-04T20:15:00.019Z

AMENEH BAHRAMI
WHY ACID ATTACKS WILL CONTINUE ON MUSLIM WOMEN/CHILDREN IN THE 21ST CENTURY AND BEYOND - INEQUALITY OF JUSTICE FOR THE PHYSICALLY WEAK IN IRAN (UPDATED)

Two Previous Posts Provide the Background to Ameneh Bahrami's Sad Story
Majid Movahedi - Iran State Supreme Court Rejects Appeal - (19 February 2009)
Her Name is Ameneh Bahrami & She Wished No Harm....So Why Harm Her?.... (14 December 2008)
According to Bild.de on 25 March 2009 (German Article) (English Article), Majid Movahedi Will Be Blinded on 15 April 2009.

*

Ameneh Bahrami was recently interviewed on Spanish Radio Cadena SER and provided a further incite into Iranian Laws and the Constitution. Many media sources have reported this story, as an Eye For An Eye Retribution through the application of Qisa Laws, however as Ameneh has vocalized in her interview, there is Complete Inequality of Justice for Women in 21st Century Iran.

AMENEH'S INTERVIEW (IN SPANISH) AT CADENA SER RADIO HERE

Ameneh Bahrami, said that under Iranian law, she is entitled to blind him in ONLY ONE EYE, unless she pays €20,000 ($25,110), because in Iran women are not considered equal to men.

"They have told us that my two eyes are equal to one of his because in my country each man is worth two women. They are not the same,".

Cadenda SER said that after undergoing treatment in Barcelona, Bahrami recovered 40 percent vision in one eye but the doctors have not been able to prevent her from going totally blind. She also suffered horrific burns to her face, scalp and body.

WHY ACID ATTACKS WILL CONTINUE IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Ameneh said Majid would be blinded by having several drops of acid put into one eye, whereas she had acid splashed all over her face and other parts of her body.

We know Majid was a mentally disturbed and immature man when he attacked Ameneh. Blinding him in one eye is not a deterrent and it will not prevent him from carrying out further attacks on women.

WHEN WAS THE LAW OF QISAS - THE BILL OF RETRIBUTION INTRODUCED? 1982!

In 1980 Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti was appointed by Khomeini as the first chief justice. Beheshti established judicial committees that were charged with drafting new civil and criminal codes derived from Shia Islamic laws. One of the most significant new codes was the Law of Qisas, which was submitted to and passed by the Majlis in 1982. The Law of Qisas provided that in cases of victims of violent crime, families could demand retribution, up to and including death.

More Information at: A Guide to the Legal System of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Omar Sial - GlobaLex Published March 2006

In OFFICIAL LAWS AGAINST WOMEN IN IRAN (PDF) Compiled by WFAFI (Women's Forum Against Fundamentalism in Iran), the constitution and laws of inequality in Iran, are highlighted.

The concept of male surrogate and guardianship of females is one of the main pillars of Islamic Fundamentalism in Iran. Iranian women are not free to choose or control various aspects of their lives.
Evidence of such state-sponsor of violence against women is seen in Iran’s constitution.

Article 209 of Iran’s Constitution states that woman's life is valued only half as much as a man's life. A
convicted man who has intentionally slain a woman is subject to execution only after the payment of
"Deyeh" by the family of the victim. "Deyeh" is defined as a sum of money that the victim's family has to
pay to the assailant's family for the physical damages, dismemberment, or death of the assailant.

Article 300 of the Penal code states that the "Deyeh" of a Muslim woman is half of the "Deyeh" of a
Muslim man. By law the life of a woman has half the value of a man in Islamic criminal law in Iran.

In 1998, Iran’s Parliament overwhelmingly rejected the bill on same inheritance rights for man and
women. They said the proposal was contrary to Islamic law, which stipulates that a woman’s share may
only be one half that of a man’s.

Family courts do not provide women any protection from abusive husbands. The plight of the Iranian
women is depicted in the story of a woman saying:

"I was married at the age of 12, and I had my first child when I was 13. My husband was unemployed and we fought all the time. We never applied for a divorce because I was afraid of losing my child.

Finally one night, he poured a bucket of acid over my body and I was completely burned. When I rushed to the sink to flush my face and body. I realized that he had shut off the main water supply. I was taken to the hospital. My operation was held up pending advance money for the surgery, and permission from my husband to operate on my face. My mother sold all of her valuables and provided the money.

My husband said he would only permit my operation if I consented to not seeing my children for the rest of my life. Finally, with hospital's pressure on the family court they allowed me to receive the operation on my face and body. "

SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION
Blinded Iranian Seeks Eye-For-Eye Justice - IHT - 4 March 2009

Google Book: Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism By Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo, Lourdes Torres - P261 - Contains a selection of articles from the Bill of Retribution affecting Women

***
END NOTE

When people attack the Muslim World you can understand why, when you consider their lack of Independent Development and Positive Contribution to the human race, in the fields of medicine, science and technology, through to the 21st century. Who and What is actually responsible for preventing progress, in these countries today?

It is evident, when certain countries persist with enforcing the behaviour of animals as role models for human beings: sexual reproduction, rank based on physical strength and ferocity, as well as power and domination over others, as a group, they will never discover the true mental and physical capabilities of human beings. The Animal Kingdom is Not and Never Will Be The Blue Print and Reference Point for levels of human intelligence, human behaviour and the true capabilities of Male and Female Homo Sapiens.

SELF IMMOLATION - Dying For A Cause > Human Rights > Violations and Abuses

2009-02-22T11:11:00.035Z

SELF IMMOLATIONS - PEOPLE WITH A HEART

Self-immolation (Latin immolare "to sacrifice") is an extreme form of protest through self-sacrifice by suicide. Immolation implies suicide by fire but the term also includes other forms of self-sacrifice.

In May 2008, I produced two posts on my AA-1177 Independent London Bombings Inquiry Blog about Dying Without Killing (Self Immolation) and Dying with Killing (Suicide Bombers). This topic is relevant to my HRLaws blog, given that many of the people who have committed self immolation have pursued raising attention about a variety of human rights violations and abuses, oppression, persecution as well as crime and political corruption, in their own countries and elsewhere. I have therefore updated this original post and included it here, on JUSTICE Will Be Served.

People who commit self immolation for humanitarian reasons are not mentally disturbed, crazy and psychopaths. In fact they deserve an enormous amount of respect because they actually Feel Immense Passion and Anger about the injustices they have personally experienced and/or their people. They harm no one except themselves, pursuing one of the most painful and prolonged methods of death. All, to expose and increase awareness about reality, the plight of people and to alleviate the suffering of those who can not protest and represent themselves.

Those who pursue Self Immolation, know Actions Speak Far Louder and More Honestly than Words. These people are not driven by Money, Materialism and Greed unlike some Politicians and Exhibitionists, who Feel only for themselves.

CENSORSHIP
Unfortunately there are Names and Self Immolation Stories missing from my list. Governments and the media have censored details. While suicide bombers receive maximum media attention and coverage, those who only harm themselves, even For The Same Reasons as Suicide Bombers, are ignored. This is concrete proof and a sad indication of what supposed Human Rights Respecting Governments actually prefer and want: the carnage and injury of tens, hundreds and thousands of innocent people for reasons of shock, awe and fear, which they then can use to manipulate and utilize for their own political and economic agendas, globally. Of course 9/11 and other MCIs are simple demonstrations of this fact.

IT CHANGES NOTHING. - IT CHANGES EVERYTHING!
Some people will claim self immolation is an unsuccessful method of changing anything. It may not change governments and the UN, but it will certainly motivate and influence many other people to take a more defiant stand and to take action themselves. If a human being genuinely feels strongly about any cause, words and theatrical speeches in public are not evidence; the proof of the depth of anyone's convictions and soul, lies in their deeds.

THICH QUANG DUC - A SHINING LIGHT
An Inspiration and Shining Light for Many Self Immolations has been Thich Quang Duc, a Vietnamese Buddhist monk who committed Self Immolation on 11 June 1963. He wanted to stop the persecution of Buddhists by South Vietnam's Ngo Dinh Diem administration, without using violence and causing harm to anyone else.

LET US REMEMBER SOME OF THE PEOPLE, WITH A HEART ....

MURUGATHASAN VARNAKULASINGHAM (Geneva, Switzerland)

Tamil Family Proud Of Son's 'Sacrifice' - Funeral in Northolt, West London

BBC - 7 March 2009

On the evening of Thursday 12 February 2009, a 26-year-old Sri Lankan protester poured gasoline over himself and burned to death outside the U.N. complex in the Place des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. Murugathasan was a Computing graduate living in London.

A few meters away from Murugathasan's burning body, the police found a letter typed in Tamil and English explaining why he had chosen to die: "We Tamils, displaced and all over the world, loudly raised our problems and asked for help before [the] international community in your own language for three decades. But nothing happened ... So I decided to sacrifice my life ... The flames over my body will be a torch to guide you through the liberation path."

Several hours earlier, about 500 Tamils had demonstrated on the square to protest Sri Lanka's military action against ethnic Tamils. The Sri Lankan government is fighting to crush the rebels and end their 25-year campaign for an independent homeland for the country's ethnic minority Tamils, who have suffered marginalization under the country's majority ethnic Sinhalese. More than 70,000 people have been killed in the violence.

Seven Tamils - including Murugathasan - have burned themselves to death in the past month to protest about the treatment of their people by Sri Lanka's Sinhalese government. Most were in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, but on 14 February, another British-based Tamil allegedly tried to set himself on fire outside Downing Street, but was arrested before he could do so.

Links: The Guardian Newspaper (UK) / IHT Newspaper

*

RAMIRO GUILLEN TAPIA (Xalapa, Mexico)

On 1 October 2008, the indigenous Mexican leader Ramiro Guillén Tapia, aged 65, attempted self-immolation during an act of protest against the local government in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. He died of heart failure the next day, after suffering third-degree burns over 70 percent of his body.

Ramiro Guillén Tapia was the chairman of the Sierra de Soteapan Human Rights Commission. The act of self-immolation was to protest authorities' refusal to award some disputed lands to his community in the Soteapan Mountains.

Links: Fox News (US) / TheNews.Co.Mx (Mexico)

HEO SE-UK（Seoul, South Korea)

Heo Se-Uk was a 54-year-old South Korean labor union member and taxi driver who set himself ablaze on 1 April 2007 in Seoul to protest the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement. He lived for two weeks after the incident, despite serious burns on 63% of his body.

He finally succumbed to a septic infection on 15 April 2007.

Link: Heo Seuk Wiki

UDDHAV BHANDARI (Glasgow, Scotland)

Uddhav was a Nepali asylum seeker who died after setting fire to himself at the Eagle Building in Glasgow, Scotland on 7 March 2007, prior to his immigration hearing. He died on 19 March 2007. A former police officer, he was afraid of being deported to Nepal after exposing corruption within the police force.

Links: Uddhav Bhandari Wiki / The Himalayan Times / The Herald (Scotland)

MALACHI (MARK DAVID) RITSCHER

Malachi (Mark David) Ritscher was a Chicago musician and anti-war protestor who committed suicide by self-immolation as a political protest against the War in Iraq. Ritscher's self-immolation took place on the side of the Kennedy Expressway near downtown Chicago during the morning rush hour of Friday 3 November 2006.

In a suicide letter published on his website (http://www.savagesound.com/gallery99.htm), he described at length his political convictions as to the Iraq War and his choice to take his own life:

"My actions should be self-explanatory, and since in our self-obsessed culture words seldom match the deed, writing a mission statement would seem questionable. So judge me by my actions. Maybe some will be scared enough to wake from their walking dream state - am I therefore a martyr or terrorist? I would prefer to be thought of as a 'spiritual warrior'. Our so-called leaders are the real terrorists in the world today, responsible for more deaths than Osama bin Laden."

"if I am required to pay for your barbaric war, I choose not to live in your world."

Link: Malachi Ritscher Wiki

ROLAND WEISSELBERG (Erfurt, Germany)

Roland Weisselberg (4 July 1933 – 31 October 2006) was a retired Lutheran Vicar who received public attention by his self-immolation in a German monastery. A critic of the rulers of the German Democratic Republic, he retired in 1989 because of his state of health. After the German reunification he was worried about the weakness of Christianity in East Germany and about Islam, whose rise was, as he believed, furthered by the "ambiguity of the church". Weisselberg set fire to himself in the Erfurt monastery (where Martin Luther took his monastic vows in 1505), shouting repeatedly "Jesus" and "Oscar" (referring to Oskar Brüsewitz).

Link: Roland Weisselberg Wiki

ELEFTHERIYA FORTULAKI (Greece)

Eleftheriya was a Greek who committed self immolation in Sepolia, Athens, in order to highlight the treatment of the Kurds in Turkey. Fortulaki had a Kurdish partner, with whom she had two children. She died on 28 March 2006.

Link: Eleftheriya Fortulaki Wiki

＊

NEDA HASSANI (London, England)

On Tuesday 24 June 2003, Neda Hassani, aged 26, set herself on fire in front of the French Embassy in Great Britain to demand the release of Maryam Rajavi and 150 of her supporters, after a French crackdown on the People's Mujahedeen of Iran, also known as Mujahedeen Khalq Organization (MKO). It has fought an armed campaign for the past 20 years to overthrow the religious rulers of Iran. The French government had accused the MKO of plotting terrorist attacks against Iran.

Links: The Guardian Newspaper UK / Statement of David Kilgour Former Canadian Politician

HO TAN ANH (Danang, Vietnam)

On Sunday 2 September 2001, a man burned himself to death in Danang, Central Vietnam to protest against religious persecution by the Vietnam Communist Party and its government. Ho Tan Anh, aged 61, was an honest and devoted farmer, and leader of the Buddhist Youth Movement in Quang Nam Province. He set himself on fire at 4:30 AM and died shortly later at a park of the city.

Link: Ho Tan Anh

SHAHRAZ KAYANI (Canberra, Australia)

In April 2001, Shahraz Kayani, a Pakistani refugee settled in Australia set himself alight on the steps of Parliament House, Canberra. Dying days later in hospital, he was protesting against the refusal of the government to grant the entry of his wife and daughters into Australia, one of whom suffered from Cerebral Palsy.

Link: ABC Network (Australia)

In 2001, a group of people self-immolated in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China. China Central Television broadcast the event nationally on Chinese new year and claimed the immolators were practitioners of the FALUN GONG. Falun Gong supporters claim it was a setup by the Chinese government.

ALFREDO ORMANDO (Rome, Italy)

Alfredo was born in San Cataldo on 15 December 1958 and died in Rome on 23 January 1998. He was a gay Italian writer. On 13 January 1998 he set himself on fire in Piazza San Pietro (Rome) to protest the attitudes and policies of the Roman Catholic Church regarding homosexual Christians. After two policemen put out the flames, he was brought to Sant 'Eugenio hospital in critical condition. He died there 11 days later.

Link: Alfredo Ormando Wiki

KATHY CHANGE (USA)

(Born 1950 - 22 October 1996) Kathy was a West Philadelphian performance artist and activist who killed herself in an act of self-immolation on the University of Pennsylvania campus in 1996. She explained the rationale behind her suicide:

I want to protest the present government and economic system and the cynicism and passivity of the people…as emphatically as I can. But primarily, I want to get publicity in order to draw attention to my proposal for immediate social transformation. To do this I plan to end my own life. The attention of the media is only caught by acts of violence. My moral principles prevent me from doing harm to anyone else or their property, so I must perform this act of violence against myself. . . . It is a waste of energy to get angry and gripe at the government. The government must be replaced with a truly democratic self-government of, for and by the people. Those working in industries essential to maintaining life should democratically take over their workplaces and organize an emergency economy to supply the needs of the people. The rest of the people should meet in their communities to organize a new directly democratic community-based self-government.

Links: Kathy Change Wiki / Official Kathy Change Website

SABINE KRATZE (Hô Chi Minh City, Vietnam)

Sabine Kratze was a German student who committed self-immolation in order to protest against what she believed to be the unjust trial of six Buddhist monks which had taken place on 15 August 1995. Kratze, who was 25 at the time, set herself on fire with gasoline on 3 September 1995, in Hô Chi Minh City, in a room at a small hotel on Ly You Trong Street.

Link: Sabine Kratze Wiki

REINHOLD ELSTNER (Munich, Germany)

Reinhold was born in 1920 in the predominantly German inhabited and cultural Sudetenland, which now lies in the Czech Republic. He was a German Wehrmacht veteran and Diploma Chemist who poured gasoline over himself and committed suicide on 25 April 1995, on the steps of Munich's historical Feldherrnhalle, in protest against what he called "the ongoing official slander and demonization of the German People and German soldiers 50 years after the end of World War II". Twelve hours later, he died in a Munich hospital.

In a farewell letter, he wrote: "With my 75 years of age, all I can do is to set a final sign of contemplation with my death in flames. And if only one German comes to consciousness and finds his way to the truth, then my sacrifice will not have been in vain."

Link: Reinhold Elstner Wiki

DR. HOMA DARABI (Tehran, Iran)

Homa Darabi (January, 1940 - 21 February 1994) was a pediatrician from Iran licensed to practice medicine in New Jersey, New York, and California. She returned to Iran in 1976 to serve her country as a psychiatrist and after the Islamic Revolution, Islamic authorities shut down her office because she had refused to wear the hijab. On 21 February 1994, Darabi, a 54 year old mother of two daughters immolated herself in Tehran while shouting "Death to Tyranny! Long live freedom! Long live Iran!". Later, her sister Parvin Darabi named the Dr. Homa Darabi Foundation in her remembrance and co-authored with her son, a biography of Dr. Darabi, Rage Against the Veil.

Links: Dr Homa Darabi Foundation / Homa Darabi Wiki / Rage Against the Veil: The Courageous Life and Death of an Islamic Dissident Wiki

GRAHAM BAMFORD (London, England)

On 29 April 1993, Graham Bamford doused himself with gasoline and set himself on fire in front the British House of Commons in London. Bamford did it in the hope of drawing attention to the atrocities committed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly the Ahmici massacre.

Bamford wrote that 'a photograph in the newspaper of a distressed little Balkan girl about the age of my own daughter galvanised me into action'. A few days later he wrote a final message: 'The British army must not be a guard of honour at a mass funeral. Bosnian babies, children, and womenfolk are waiting for the politicians to do what they know they should - give them military protection.'

A film about Graham Bamford, his actions, the silence built up around them, and also about the filmmaker and his effort to produce a film about the event are available here:

Link: Film About Graham Bamford "Graham and I"

CHAN I-HUA (Taipei, Taiwan)

Chan I-Hua was a Taiwanese pro-democracy activist. He performed self-immolation on 19 May 1989 when the funeral procession of fellow activist Cheng Nan-jung (who had similarly immolated himself) was blocked by the police in front of the Presidential Office Building in Taipei.

Link: Chan I-Hua Wiki

*

CHENG NAN-JUNG (Taiwan)

Cheng Nan-Jung (born 12 September 1947 in Taipei and died 7 April 1989) was a Taiwanese publisher and pro-democracy activist. He was the founder of the Freedom Era Weekly. He is known internationally for setting himself on fire to voice for Taiwanese independence.

In 1989, Cheng was charged with insurrection for printing a new Constitution for the Republic of Taiwan. An arrest warrant was issued. He refused to appear in court. When the police arrived to arrest him on 7 April, he committed suicide by self-immolation. He set fire to the building and died in the blaze. At Cheng's funeral on 19 May, another Taiwanese pro-democracy activist, Chan I-hua, also immolated himself when the funeral procession was blocked by police.

Link: Cheng Nan-Jung Wiki

LIVIU CORNEL BABES (Poiana Brasov, Romania)

Liviu Cornel Babeş (January 19, 1942 – March 2, 1989) was a Romanian electrician and painter who committed suicide by self-immolation as a political protest. On 2 March 1989, Babeş died after setting himself on fire on the Bradu ski slope at Poiana Braşov in sign of protest against the communist regime. He left a message: „Stop Mörder! Braşov = Auschwitz”. In Romania, according to Law no. 93/June 3, 1997 Liviu Cornel Babeş is a hero.

Link: Liviu Cornel Babes Wiki

SEBASTIAN ACEVEDO (Conception, Chile)

Sebastian Acevedo was a Chilean miner who committed self-immolation on 11 November 1983 as a protest against the detention of his children by the Chilean police during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

Following a protest in the city of Concepcion, Acevedo's children Candelaria and Galo Fernando are arrested. Their father searches for them, but at each police station officials deny any knowledge of their whereabouts. In despair, Acevedo plants himself at the Cathedral entrance, shouting "Give me back my children!" Pleading that the CNI not torture his children, Acevedo pours gasoline over his clothing, and threatens to set himself on fire. A uniformed policeman attempts to disperse the crowd that has gathered, challenging him to carry out his threat. In an instant, Acevedo strikes a match, his body igniting like a torch. He dies that same day, after learning that Candelaria has been released.

The agonizing image of 50 year-old Sebastian Acevedo, captured by a photographer, stuns the world. His act of bravery and devotion inspires the birth of a non-violent protest movement two months later. Led by priest Jose Aldunate, the Sebastian Acevedo Anti-Torture Movement becomes a broad-based organization that challenges the practice of torture.

Link: The Guardian Newspaper

ARTIN PENIK (Istanbul, Turkey)

Artin Penik (Died 15 August 1982) was a Turkish-Armenian who set himself on fire in protest of the terrorist attacks in Esenboğa International Airport by the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA, also known as Third October) on 10 August 1982. Artin, a 61-year-old self-employed tailor, set himself on fire in Taksim plaza, the main square of Istanbul, Turkey, after leaving a suicide note in which he wrote "I can no longer bear the grief over slayings of innocent people."

Links: Artin Penik Wiki / You Tube Video: The Last Words of Artin Penik (Turkish Audio/English Subtitles) / Turkish Journal Article

PER-AXEL AROSENIUS (Nacka, Sweden)

Per-Axel Arosenius (Born 7 November 1920 - Died 21 March 1981) was a Swedish actor of mostly supporting parts. His most prominent film role was that of Soviet defector Boris Kusenov in Alfred Hitchcock's 1969 film Topaz. After a dispute with the Swedish taxation authorities on 21 March 1981, Arosenius protested by setting himself on fire outside their office in Nacka. He died in the ambulance on the way to the hospital. He was 60 years old.

Link: Per-Axel Arosenius Wiki

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OLEKSA MYKHAYLOVYCH HIRNYK (Kaniv, Ukraine)

Oleksa Mykhaylovych Hirnyk (Born 28 March 1912 - Died 21 January 1978) was a Ukrainian Soviet dissident, an engineer by profession, who burned himself to death as an act of protest against Soviet suppression of the Ukrainian language, culture and history. On the night of 21 January 1978, the eve of the sixtieth anniversary of Ukraine's declaration of independence by the Tsentralna Rada government, Hirnyk doused himself with four liters of gasoline and burned himself to death on Chernecha Hill, in Kaniv not far from Taras Shevchenko’s tomb. He had written close to a thousand leaflets containing quotes of Taras Shevchenko, protests against the russification of Ukraine, and calls for Ukrainian independence, and left them scattered on the hill.

In 2000 a guelder-rose bush was planted on the place of his death. By decree of the President of Ukraine on 18 January 2007 Oleksa Hirnyk was awarded the title of the Hero of Ukraine posthumously and awarded the Order of the State.

Link: Oleksa Hirnyk Wiki

HARTMUT GRUNDLER (Hamburg, Germany)

Hartmut Gründler (11 January 1930 – 21 November 1977) was a German teacher from Tübingen, engaged in environmental protection. On November 16,1977 ( the Day of Prayer and Repentance) Gründler burned himself in Hamburg during the SPD Party Congress out of protest against "the continued governmental misinformation" in the Atomic policy of the German Federal Government, particularly concerning the permanent disposal of nuclear waste.

Link: Hartmut Grundler Wiki

ALAIN ESCOFFIER (Paris, France)

Alain Escoffier (25 October 1949 – 10 February 1977) was a French anti-communist activist and martyr. He was a bank clerk and he had married an East-Germany refugee. He belonged to the right-wing Parti des forces nouvelles. On 10 February 1977, the thirtieth anniversary of the Treaty of Paris he self-immolated on the Champs-Élysées before the offices of Soviet airlines Aeroflot. He died crying "Communistes assassins" (Murderer Communists).

Link: Alain Escoffier Wiki

OSKAR BRUSEWITZ (Zeitz, Germany)

Oskar Brüsewitz ((Born 30 May 1929 – Died 22 August 1976) was an East German Lutheran pastor who committed self-immolation to protest the repression of religion in the Communist state of East Germany. On 18 August 1976 Brüsewitz committed suicide by self-immolation in a public market in front of the church in Zeitz. He died on 22 August 1976.

He was critical of the East German Communist regime imposed by the Soviet Union after the war and symbolic acts of protest, including the installation of a cross of neon lamps at his church, brought him to the attention of the authorities. The leadership of his church sided with the state, rather than its priest, and asked, in 1976, for Brüsewitz to be moved to another rectorate. This was the immediate trigger for his suicidal protest.

The Communist authorities initially attempted to suppress news of the event then, when news leaked and public support for his action grew, they branded him a psychopath(!). On 31 August Neues Deutschland, the official newspaper of the SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany), printed an article entitled „Du sollst nicht falsch Zeugnis reden“ "You shall not bear false witness" which asserted that self-immolation was the action of a sick, crazy man. 30 Years later, on the anniversary of his death, Neues Deutschland wrote an apology for the article they had carried at the time, admitting that the piece had been "slanderous" and written, not by journalists, but in one of the many offices of the central committee of the SED.

Link: Oskar Brüsewitz Wiki

ROMAS KALANTA (Kaunas, Lithuania)

Romas Kalanta (22 February 1953 - 14 May 1972) was a Lithuanian known for his self-immolation for political reasons. Romas Kalanta set himself on fire in the square adjoining the Laisves Aleja in front of the Kaunas Musical Theatre in the Lithuanian city of Kaunas on 14 May 1972 in protest of the occupation of Lithuania and the oppression of the Lithuanian language, culture and people by the government of the Soviet Union.

Link: Romas Kalanta Wiki

JOSEBA ELOSEGI (Spain)

Joseba Elosegi was a Basque nationalist who self-immolated trying to embrace dictator Franco during a pelota game in San Sebastián 19 September 1970. He did it as a protest against the fascist Bombing of Gernika in 1937.

Link: Joseba Elosegi Wiki

KOSTAS GEORGAKIS (Genoa, Italy)

Kostas Georgakis (23 August 1948 Corfu, Greece – 19 September 1970 Genoa, Italy), was a Greek student of Geology, who set himself ablaze in Genoa, Italy as a protest against the Greek military junta of 1967-1974. Georgakis is considered the precursor of the later student protests, such as the Polytechnic uprising. At the time, his death caused a sensation in Greece and abroad as it was the first tangible manifestation of the depth of resistance against the junta.

His last words were: Long Live Free Greece.

Link: Kostas Georgakis Wiki

GEORGE WINNE, JR (San Diego, USA)

George Winne Junior (Born 1947 – Died 11 May 1970) is remembered as a protester of the Vietnam War who set himself on fire in a deliberate act of self-immolation in Revelle Plaza on the campus of the University of California, San Diego on 10 May 1970, to protest the United States involvement in the war. He died ten hours later, asking his mother to write a letter to President Nixon.

His last words were "I believe in God and the hereafter and I will see you there."

Link: George Winne Wiki

CZECHOSLOVAKIA - 1969

The wave of suicide attempts by immolation that ran through the Czech lands in the first months of 1969 was a unique event on a world-wide scale, a result of the social atmosphere at the time. After Jan Palach, 26 people attempted suicide between January 20, 1969 and the end of April including: On 22 January 1969 - Miroslav Malinka set himself on fire and Blanka Nachazelova suffocated herself with coal gas. Josef Hlavaty burned himself alive and died on 25 January 1969.

Link: Czech Radio

EVZEN PLOCEK (Jihlava, Czechoslovakia)

Evžen Plocek (29 October 1929 – 9 April 1969) was a Czech man (reform communist) who committed suicide by self-immolation as a political protest. Plocek died after setting himself on fire in Main Square in Jihlava, Czechoslovakia on Good Friday, 4 April 1969 in protest.

Just before his feat he dropped a paper with the text: "Truth is revolutionary - wrote Antonio Gramsci" and "I am for a human face - I can't stand the unfeeling ones - Evžen".

In spite of a number of difficulties, the workers at Motorpal were able to hold a public funeral in Jihlava. Not a word of Evžen Plocek's self-immolation made it into the central press, however.

Link: Plocek Czech Radio Archive

Picture: The memorial to Jan Palach and Jan Zajíc in front of the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic. There are several other memorials to Palach in cities throughout Europe, including a small memorial inside the glacier tunnels beneath the Jungfraujoch in Switzerland.

JAN ZAJIC (Prague, Czechoslovakia)

Jan Zajíc (3 July 1950-25 February 1969) was a Czech student who committed suicide by self-immolation as a political protest. He was a student at the technical college, specializing in railroads, and was also interested in poetry and humanities. In 1969 he took part in a hunger strike and a commemoration ceremony by students for Jan Palach near the statue of Saint Wenceslas in Prague. It was probably this event which planted the idea of becoming Palach's successor in Zajíc's mind.

Link: Jan Zajic Czech Radio

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JAN PALACH (Prague, Czechoslovakia)

Jan Palach was a Czech student who committed suicide by self-immolation as a political protest against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. Palach died after setting himself on fire in Wenceslas Square in Prague, Czechoslovakia on 16 January 1969 in protest. The funeral of Palach turned into a major protest against the occupation.

After the Velvet Revolution, Palach (along with Zajíc) was commemorated in Prague by a bronze cross embedded at the spot (shown above) where he fell outside the National Museum, as well as a square named in his honour.

Links: Jan Palach Wiki / Jan Palach Czech Radio

RYSZARD SIWIEC (Warsaw, Poland)

Ryszard Siwiec (Born 1909— Died 12 September 1968) was a Polish accountant, teacher and former Home Army soldier who was the first person to set himself on fire in protest against the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia. A father of five from Przemyśl, Siwiec planned his self-immolation in advance, leaving written and tape-recorded statements explaining his revulsion at both the Warsaw Pact invasion and communist Poland's participation in it.

He set himself ablaze in Warsaw during a national harvest festival on 8 September 1968 at the Dziesięciolecia Stadium, and died in hospital four days later. His act was witnessed by nearly 100,000 spectators, including the national leadership and foreign diplomats who had been invited to the festival intended as a vast propaganda spectacle.

Orders (posthumous)

Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, first class, awarded in 2001 by Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic.
Order of Polonia Restituta, Commander's Cross, awarded in 2003 by Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland. Because of Aleksander Kwaśniewski's past as communist dignitary, Ryszard Siwiec's family refused to accept the award.
Order of the White Double Cross, awarded in 2006 by Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia

An important and late gesture towards a symbol for the struggle against communism, according to high profile politicians, will be made. It is finally a good sign that all politicians in Poland unanimously agree that either the Polish National Stadium or a main street leading to it, will be named after Ryszard Siwiec.

Links: YouTube Film Footage of Ryszard Siwiec, Self Immolation (Polish Audio/English Subtitles) / Ryszard Siwiec Wiki / Prague Street Renamed In Honour Of Polish "Human Torch" Against Soviet Invasion (13 Feb 2009) / Polish National Stadium in the Name of a Hero? (24 Feb 2009)

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FLORENCE BEAUMONT (Los Angeles, USA)

Florence Beaumont (died 15 October 1967, Los Angeles) was an American who self-immolated herself in protest of the escalating Vietnam War. She had two children. After soaking herself in gasoline, she set herself alight in front of the Federal Building, Los Angeles.

Link: Florence Beaumont Wiki

ROGER ALLEN LAPORTE (New York, USA)

Roger Allen LaPorte (Born 1943 – Died 9 November 1965) is best known as a protester of the Vietnam War who set himself on fire in front of the Dag Hammarskjold (UNSG Killed in Plane Crash) Library at the United Nations building in New York City on 9 November 1965, to protest against the United States involvement in the war.

At the time, he was a 22-year old Catholic Worker Movement member. La Porte died the next day from second and third-degree burns covering 95 percent of his body. Despite his burns, he remained conscious and able to speak. When asked why he had burned himself, La Porte calmly replied, "I'm a Catholic Worker. I'm against war, all wars. I did this as a religious action."

Link: Roger Allen LaPorte Wiki

NORMAN MORRISON (USA)

Norman Morrison (29 December 1933 - 2 November 1965), born in Erie, Pennsylvania, was a Baltimore Quaker best known for committing suicide in an act of self-immolation to protest United States involvement in the Vietnam War. On 2 November 1965, Morrison doused himself in kerosene and set himself on fire below Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara's Pentagon office. Morrison took his daughter Emily, then one year of age, to the Pentagon, and either set her down or handed her off to someone in the crowd before setting himself ablaze.

Link: Norman Morrison Wiki / Norman Morrison, Deed of Life, Deed of Death By Anne Morrison Welsh, Winds of Peace 1998 (PDF) PP4-7 / Norman Morrison Information

HUH JIK (South Korea)

In 1965, a politician in South Korea, Huh Jik, set himself on fire to protest against a treaty with Japan.

ALICE HERZ (Detroit, USA)

Alice Herz (Born 1883 – Died 26 March 1965) was an elderly Quaker and the first activist in the United States known to have immolated themself in protest of the escalating Vietnam War, following the example of Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc. A longtime peace activist, she attempted self-immolation on 16 March 1965, in Detroit, Michigan, at the age of 82. A man and his two boys were driving by and saw her burning and put out the flames. She died of her wounds ten days later.

Confiding to a friend before her death, Herz remarked that she had used all of the accepted protest methods available to activists--including marching, protesting, and writing countless articles and letters--and she wondered what else she could do. Self-immolation was her final act of protest, in a democratic country.

Links: Alice Herz Wiki / Google Book: Phoenix: Letters and Documents of Alice Herz : the Thought and Practice of a Modern-Day Martyr By Alice Herz, Shingo Shibata

THICH QUANG DUC (Saigon, Vietnam)

Thich Quang Duc died on 11 June 1963 and was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection. He was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by South Vietnam's Ngo Dinh Diem administration. Photos of his self-immolation were circulated widely across the world and brought attention to the policies of the Diem regime. Malcolm Browne won a Pulitzer Prize for his iconic photo of the monk's death, as did David Halberstam for his written account. After his death, his body was re-cremated, but his heart remained intact.

'Before closing my eyes to go to Buddha', wrote Quang Duc, 'I have the honour to present my words to President Diem, asking him to be kind and tolerant towards his people and enforce a policy of religious equality.' Thich Quang Duc act increased international pressure on Diem and led him to announce reforms with the intention of mollifying the Buddhists. The promised reforms were implemented either slowly or not at all, leading to a deterioration in the dispute. With protests continuing, the Special Forces loyal to Diem's brother, launched nationwide raids on Buddhist pagodas causing deaths and widespread damage.

Several Buddhist monks followed Thich Quang Duc example and burned themselves to death. Eventually, an Army coup toppled and killed Diem in November. The self-immolation is widely seen as the turning point of the Vietnamese Buddhist crisis which led to the change in regime.

Link: Thich Quang Duc Wiki

CHINNASWAMI (India)

In 1964 in India, a Tamil labourer called Chinnaswami set himself alight to protest against the encroachment of the Hindi language. A year later, when Hindi was supposed to replace English as the official language of India, five Tamils died by fire and three swallowed poison. Tamils have a tradition of self-sacrifice.

STEFAN LUX (Geneva, Switzerland)

On 3 July 1936, Stefan Lux, a Jewish Czech journalist, actor and director, shot and killed himself with a revolver in the general assembly room of the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland during its session, to protest the treatment of Jews in Germany under Adolf Hitler.

Links: Stefan Lux Wiki / Stefan Lux Speedy Notes

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ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Dying Without Killing, History of Self-Immolations 1963–2002 (PDF) From Making Sense of Suicide Missions - Michael Biggs
Dying For A Cause By Michael Biggs
The Transnational Diffusion of Protest by Self-Immolation (PDF) By Michael Biggs, Department of Sociology, University of Oxford

Epidemiology Of Self-Immolation In The North-West Of Iran (PDF)
In this research, medical records of ninety eight cases who attempted suicide by self-immolation between 1998 and 2003 were studied.

Majid Movahedi - Iran State Supreme Court Rejects Appeal

2009-02-19T14:30:00.007Z

In 2008 I wrote my first post about Ameneh Bahrami and Majid Movahedi. If you need to know more about this story and to see how horrific Ameneh's injuries really are, go to: Her Name is Ameneh Bahrami and She Wished No Harm........So Why Harm Her?.........Iran Acid Attack. In this second post - Ameneh Bahrami - Why Acid Attacks Will Continue on Muslim Women/Children in the 21st Century and Beyond - Information is provided about the establishment of Qisa Laws as well as the Iranian Constitution and Penal Code, which are responsible for Driving Inequality of Justice for the Physically Weak in Iran.

Ameneh's Bahrami's Website (As Shown on CNN) is http://amaneh-bahrami.blogfa.com
This site also has some information: http://www.helpamaneh.com/
Both in the Persian Language, At the Moment.
Before transferring any funds to help Ameneh, PLEASE ask CNN to confirm bank details.

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UPDATE: According to Bild.de on 25 March 2009 (German Article) (English Article), Majid Movahedi Will Be Blinded on 15 April 2009.

IRAN STATE SUPREME COURT REJECTS MAJID MOVAHEDI'S APPEAL

Tuesday 3 February 2009 (Updated 19 February 2009)

Iran's State Supreme Court has upheld a sentence of blinding Majid Movahedi for throwing acid into the face of Ameneh Bahrami who spurned him, leaving her blind and disfigured, Iran state run press reported on Tuesday.

The defendant, identified only by his first name Majid, 27, was in November sentenced by a court in Tehran to be blinded in both eyes, under the Islamic eye-for-an-eye (qisas) penalty. The State Supreme Court on Monday rejected Majid's appeal and ruled that the initial verdict was lawful and could be carried out. Majid confessed to seeking revenge against his university classmate, Ameneh Bahrami, by throwing acid on her face when she refused his proposal of marriage four years ago.

Despite years of treatment in Spain, Ameneh 26, has lost sight in both eyes and still has serious injuries on her face and body.

"Take his eyes away from him to become like me," Bahrami was quoted as telling the Tehran court. "I don't demand qisas for myself. This is what the society wants. Majid must be punished so that such people know they cannot throw acid on a girl's face."

The date of Majid's execution has not yet been announced.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Woman Blinded by Acid Wants Same Fate For Attacker - 19 February 2009 - CNN (With 3 Videos)
VIDEOS - Return to the Attack Scene For The First Time / Clothes Still Reek of Acid / Watch How The Acid Destroyed Ameneh's Eyes (With Graphic Content)

"An Eye for An Eye" - Iran to Carry Out Gruesome Punishment - 3 February 2009 - Iran Focus

Iranian Faces 'Eye-For-Eye' Punishment - 3 February 2009 - Sydney Morning Herald

8NAZI GERMANY - UNWCC United Nations War Crimes Commission Law Reports

2009-02-17T10:49:00.017Z

NAZI GERMANY- UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION (UNWCC)

The focus of this post is the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) and their 15 Volume set of Law Reports from WWII War Crimes Trials.

There are nine posts in this series on Nazi Germany. Each post touches briefly on the subject given that there are already numerous research papers, articles and books, covering each topic in depth. Many links are included in each post. For the reasoning behind writing these posts, read the Introduction HERE.

0 INTRODUCTION - Why this Series of Posts?

1 UN CHARTER & UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Why WWII Drove The Creation Of The UDHR.

2 EUGENICS, RACIAL PURITY AND PERSECUTION - The US Influenced Nazi Germany's Eugenics Program. A Snapshot of the Diverse Groups Persecuted and Imprisoned in Concentration Camps. The Nuremberg Trial, Which Dealt With Racial Purity - RuSHA (USA vs. Ulrich Greifelt et al).
3 FORCED AND SLAVE LABOUR - Without Forced and Slave Labour the Nazi War Machine would have Collapsed and Brought the War to an Abrupt End. A Brief History of Forced and Slave Labour Before, During and After World War II. Details of The Nuremberg Trials for German Industrialists - Flick, Krupp and IG Farben.
4 FORCED PROSTITUTION, SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND RAPE - Sexual Crimes Were Not Tried at Nuremberg even though There Were Established Laws Condemning These Crimes. Information About Nazi Military Brothels and Concentration Camp Brothels. Evidence and Testimonies from Witnesses. Both Axis and Allied Forces were Guilty of Sexual Violence and Rape.

5 NAZI DOCTORS EXPERIMENTS AND TRIALS - The Nazi Doctors' Nuremberg Trial and Details of Their Experiments. Names of Nazi Doctors who Escaped Prosecution. Information about Post War Unethical Experiments Without Informed Consent, in the USA, Russia, South Africa and Israel.

6 STERILIZATION AND EUTHANASIA PROGRAMS - Life “Unworthy of Life” A Brief History of the Sterilization and the Euthanasia Programs and German Public Opposition. Using Cost Benefits Analysis in Nazi Medicine to Educate Children.
7 WORLD WAR II BY DESIGN – THE ECONOMY AND FOREIGN INVESTORS - An Important Component of Nazi Germany's War Infrastructure. Brief History of the German Economy and Hermann Goering's Four Year Plan. Role of Jewish Public Protests and their Boycott of German Goods in 1933 and Germany's Retaliatory Actions. The Real Role of Neutral Countries During the War. Post War Looting of German Patents, Cover Up of German Research on Tobacco and Cancer and the Removal/Kidnap of Nazi Experts to Allied Countries. The Role of Foreign Subsidiaries/Investors before and during World War II in Germany.
8 UNWCC (UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION) LAW REPORTS - The UNWCC prepared and published a 15 volume set of law reports covering 89 War Crimes Trials From World War II. This post contains links to all of these law reports and a list of the cases in each volume. Some information on CROWCASS (Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects).

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NAZI GERMANY- UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION (UNWCC)

WHAT WAS THE UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION (UNWCC)?
The UNWCC was an international committee established by the Allies in October 1943 to find and prosecute war criminals. Representatives of Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, France, Greece, India, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, the United States, Yugoslavia, and Ethiopia participated in the UNWCC. The Soviet Union did not join, it cooperated in spirit(!!!). In other words, Stalin & Associates, were openly opposed to the goals of the UNWCC.

The aims of the UNWCC were to

Investigate Nazi Crimes, Record Details and Help Prepare Indictments
Ensure War Criminals were Arrested and Evidence of Their Crimes Exposed
Identify the Legal Basis for the Punishment and Extradition of War Criminals
Determine Which Actions Should Be Included Under The Heading of "Crimes Against Humanity," Including the Crime of Genocide.

The UNWCC completed its first list of German and Italian war criminals in December 1944. It contained 712 names, all of them submitted by European governments. Among those named were forty-nine high ranking Nazi officials. In addition to Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, Joseph Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler, and Hans Frank, the group of forty-nine consisted of generals, administrators of occupied regions, and political appointees such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, Konstantin von Neurath, Hjalmar Schacht, and Arthur Seyss-Inquart.

The UNWCC also called for the institution of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg and other courts, and helped establish the official lists of war criminals---registering 36,000 suspected war criminals. The UNWCC was dissolved in 1948 due to rising Cold War tensions and the failure of various countries to cooperate with their obligations to extradite suspected war criminals. In other words, various countries were playing both sides.

The UNWCC ultimately presented 80 lists that contained the names of 36,529 suspected war criminals (of whom 34,270, were German and 1,286 Italian).

WHAT WAS CROWCASS? (Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects)

To assist the UNWCC and Allied governments in tracing ex-enemy nationals suspected of committing war crimes or atrocities in Europe, a Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects (CROWCASS) was set up by the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force in the spring of 1945. The object of CROWCASS was to provide a pool of information on persons in Allied detention and those wanted on war crimes charges, on which national governments could draw and to which they were encouraged to contribute. CROWCASS published lists of detainees and wanted persons, similar in format to those produced by the UNWCC.

UNWCC LAW REPORTS OF WORLD WAR II TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS

The UNWCC prepared and published a 15 volume set of law reports covering 89 War Crimes Trials. These volumes did not include every Trial, after World War II.

Volume XV in the series, contains an alphabetical index to the cases covered. Given that I was unable to find a simple list of cases by volume and with page numbers, I have prepared one myself, for this post.

All of the Volumes are accessible at this link - US Library of Congress – Military Legal Resources – Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals. A link to each volume is also provided below with the Cases.

VOLUME I - THE CASES

1. THE PELEUS TRIAL ..P1
2. THE DOSTLER TRIAL ..P22
3. THE ALMELO TRIAL ..P35
4. THE HADAMAR TRIAL ..P46
5. THE SCUTTLED V-BOATS CASE ..P55
6. THE JALUIT ATOLL CASE ..P71
7. THE DREIERWALDE CASE ..P81
8. THE ESSEN LYNCHING CASE ..P88
9. THE ZYKLON B CASE ..P93

ANNEX I - BRITISH LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS BY MILITARY COURTS ..P105
ANNEX II - UNITED STATES LAW AND PRACTICE CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS BY MILITARY COMMISSIONS AND MILITARY GOVERNMENT COURTS ..P111

VOLUME II – THE CASES

10. THE BELSEN TRIAL ..P1
ANNEX - TABLE OF' ACCUSED ..P153

VOLUME III – THE CASES

11. TRIAL OF KRIMINALASSISTENT KARL-HANS HERMANN KLINGE - Eidsivating Lagmannsrett and the Supreme Court of Norway, 8th December, 1945, and 27th February, 1946 ..P1
12. TRIAL OF KRIMINALSEKRETAR RICHARD WILHELM HERMANN BRUNS AND TWO OTHERS - Eidsivating Lagmannsrett and the Supreme Court of Norway 20th March and 3rd July, 1946 ..P15
13. TRIAL OF ROBERT WAGNER AND SIX OTHERS - French Permanent Military Tribunal, Strasbourg and Court of Appeal - 23rd April -3rd May and 24th July, 1946 ..P23
14. TRIAL OF GUNTHER THIELE AND GEORG STEINERT - United States Military Commission, Augsburg, Germany - 13th June, 1945 ..P56
15. TRIAL OF PETER BACK - United States Military Commission, Ahrweiler, Germany - 16th June, 1945 ..P60
16. TRIAL OF ALBERT BURY AND WILHELM HAFNER - United States Military Commission, Freising, Germany - 15th July, 1945 ..P62
17 and 18. TRIALS OF ANTON SCHOSSER AND OF JOSEF GOLDBRUNNER AND ALFONS JACOB WILM - United States Military Commissions at Dachau 14th-15th and 17th September, 1945 ..P65
19. TRIAL OF ERICH KILLINGER AND FOUR OTHERS - British Military Court, Wuppertal - 26th November-3rd December, 1945 ..P67
20. TRIAL OF YAMAMOTO CHUSABURO - British Military Court, Kuala Lumpur - 30th January-1st February, 1946 ..P76

ANNEX I - NORWEGIAN LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS ..P81
ANNEX II - FRENCH LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS BY MILITARY TRIBUNALS AND BY MILITARY GOVERNMENT COURTS IN THE FRENCH ZONE OF GERMANY ..P93
ANNEX III - UNITED STATES LAW AND PRACTICE CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS BY MILITARY COMMISSIONS, MILITARY-GOVERNMENT COURTS AND MILITARY TRIBUNALS ..P103

VOLUME IV – THE CASES

21. TRIAL OF GENERAL TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA - United States Military Commission, Manila (8th October - 7th December, 1945) and the Supreme Court of the United States (Judgements Delivered on 4th February, 1946) ..P1
22.THE ABBAYE ARDENNE CASE. TRIAL OF S.S. BRIGADEFUHRER KURT MEYER - Canadian Military Court, Aurich, Germany (10th-28th December 1945 ..P97
23. TRIAL OF MAJOR KARL RAUER AND SIX OTHERS - British Military Court, Wuppertal, Germany (18th February, 1946) ..P113
24. TRIAL OF KURT STUDENT - British Military Court, Luneberg, Germany, 6th-10th May, 1946 ..P118

ANNEX - CANADIAN LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS BY MILITARY COURTS ..P125

VOLUME V – THE CASES

25. TRIAL OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL SHIGERU SAWADA AND THREE OTHERS - United States Military Commission, Shanghai (27th February, 1946 -15th April, 1946) ..P1
26. TRIAL OF SERGEANT-MAJOR SHIGERU OHASHI AND SIX OTHERS - Australian Military Court, Rabaul (20th-23rd March, 1946) .. P25
27. TRIAL OF CAPTAIN EITARO SHINOHARA AND TWO OTHERS - Australian Military Court, Rabaul (3o'th March-1st April, 1946)..P32
28. TRIAL OF CAPTAIN EIKICHI KATO - Australian Military Court, Rabaul (7th May, 1947) ..P37
29. TRIAL OF KARL BUCK AND 10 OTHERS - British Military Court, Wuppertal, Germany - (6th-10th May, 1946) ..P39
30. TRIAL OF KARL ADAM GOLKEL AND 13 OTHERS - British Military Court, Wuppertal, Germany (15th-21st May, 1946) ..P45
31. TRIAL OF WERNER ROHDE AND EIGHT OTHERS - British Military Court, Wuppertal, Germany (29th May-1st June, 1946) ..P54
32. TRIAL OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL HARUKEI ISAYAMA AND SEVEN OTHERS - United States Military Commission, Shanghai (1st-25th July, 1946) ..P60
33. TRIAL OF GENERAL TANAKA HISAKASU AND FIVE OTHERS - United States Military Commission, Shanghai (13th August-3rd September, 1946) ..P66
34. TRIAL OF HAUPTSTURMFUHRER OSCAR HANS - Eidsivating Lagmannsrett, January, 1947 and Supreme Court of Norway, August, 1947 ..P82

ANNEX - AUSTRALIAN LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS BY MILITARY COURTS ..P94

VOLUME VI – THE CASES

35. TRIAL OF JOSEF ALTSTOTTER AND OTHERS - United States Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 17th February-4th December, 1947 ..P1
36. TRIAL OF GERHARD FRIEDRICH ERNST FLESCH - Frostating Lagmannsrett and Supreme Court of Norway, November-December, 1946 and February, 1948 ..P111

VOLUME VII - THE CASES

37. TRIAL OF HAUPTSTURMFUHRER AMON LEOPOLD GOETH - Supreme National Tribunal of Poland (27th-31st August and 2nd-5th September, 1946) ..P1
38. TRIAL OF OBERSTURMBANNFUHRER RUDOLF FRANZ FERDINAND HOESS - Supreme National Tribunal of Poland (1lth-29th March, 1947) ..P11
39. TRIAL OF ERHARD MILCH - United States Military Tribunal, Nuremberg (20th December, 1946-17th April, 1947) ..P27
40. TRIAL OF GUSTAV BECKER, WILHELM WEBER AND 18 OTHERS - Permanent Military Tribunal at Lyon (Concluded 17th July, 1947) ..P67
41. TRIAL OF JEAN-PIERRE LEX - Permanent Military Tribunal at Nancy (concluded 13th May, 1946) ..P74
42. TRIAL OF HEINRICH GERIKE AND SEVEN OTHERS (The Velpke Children's Home Case) - British Military Court, Brunswick (20th March-3rd . April, 1946) ..P76

ANNEX - POLISH LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS ..P82

VOLUME VIII – THE CASES

43. TRIAL OF GENERAL VON MACKENSEN AND GENERAL MAELZER - British Military Court, Rome (18th-30th November, 1946) ..P1
44. TRIAL OF ALBERT KESSELRING - British Military Court, Venice (17th February to 6th May, 1947) ..P9
45. TRIAL OF CARL BAUER, ERNST SCHRAMECK AND HERBERT FALTEN - French Permanent Military Tribunal, Dijon (Completed 18th October, 1945) ..P15
46. TRIAL OF FRANZ HOLSTEIN AND TWO OTHERS - French Permanent Military Tribunal, Dijon (Completed 3rd February, 1947) ..P22
47. TRIAL OF WILHELM LIST AND OTHERS - United States Military Tribunal, Nuremberg 8th July, 1947, to 19th February, 1948 (The Hostages Trial) ..P34

VOLUME IX – THE CASES

48. TRIAL OF FRIEDRICH FLICK AND FIVE OTHERS - UNITED STATES MILITARY TRIBUNAL, NUREMBERG 20th April to 22nd December, 1947 ..P1
49. TRIAL OF HANS SZABADOS - PERMANENT MILITARY TRIBUNAL AT CLERMONT-FERRAND Judgement delivered on 23rd June, 1946 ..P59
50. TRIAL OF ALOIS AND ANNA BOMMER AND THEIR DAUGHTERS - PERMANENT MILITARY TRIBUNAL AT METZ Judgement delivered on 19th February, 1947 ..P62
51. TRIAL OF KARL LINGENFELDER - PERMANENT MILITARY TRIBUNAL AT METZ Judgement delivered on 11th March, 1947 ..P67
52. TRIAL OF CHRISTIAN BAUS - PERMANENT MILITARY TRIBUNAL AT METZ Judgement delivered on 21st August, 1947 ..P68
53. TRIAL OF PHILIPPE RUST - PERMANENT MILITARY TRIBUNAL AT METZ Judgement delivered on 5th March, 1948 ..P71
54. TRIAL OF KARL-HEINZ MOEHLE - BRITISH MILITARY COURT, HAMBURG 15th to 16th October, 1946 ..P75
55. TRIAL OF HELMUTH VON RUCHTESCHELL - BRITISH MILITARY COURT, HAMBURG 5th to 21st May, 1947 ..P82
56. TRIAL OF OTTO SKORZENY AND OTHERS - GENERAL MILITARY GOVERNMENT COURT OF THE U.S. ZONE OF GERMANY 18th August to 9th September, 1947 ..P90

VOLUME X – THE CASES

57. THE I.G. FARBEN TRIAL. TRIAL OF CARL KRAUCH AND TWENTY-TWO OTHERS - United States Military Tribunal, Nuremberg (14th August, 1947-29th July, 1948) .. P1
58. TRIAL OF ALFRIED FELIX ALWYN KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH AND 11 OTHERS - United States Military Tribunal, Nuremberg (17th November,1947-30th June, 1948) ..P69

VOLUME XI – THE CASES

59. TRIAL OF TANABE KOSHIRO - Netherlands Temporary Court-Martial, Macassar (5th. February, 1947) ..P1
60. TRIAL OF MARTIN GOTTFRIED WEISS AND 39 OTHERS - General Military Government Court of the United States Zone, Dachau, Germany (15th November-13th December, 1945) ..P5
61. TRIAL OF GENERALOBERST NICKOLAUS VON FALKENHORST - British Military Court, Brunswick (29th July-2nd August, 1946) ..P18
62. TRIAL OF MAX WIELEN AND 17 OTHERS - British Military Court, Hamburg, Germany (lst September, 1947) ..P31
63. TRIAL OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL KURT MAELZER - United States Military Commission, Florence, Italy (9th-14th September, 1946) ..P53
64. TRIAL OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL BABA MASAO - Australian Military Court, Rabaul, (28th May-2nd June, 1947) ..P56
65. TRIAL OF TANAKA CHUICHI AND TWO OTHERS - Australian Military Court, Rabaul, 12th July, 1946 ..P62
66. TRIAL OF FRANZ SCHONFELD AND NINE OTHERS - British Military Court, Essen (1 Ith-26th June, 1946) ..P64
67. TRIAL OF JOHANNES OENNING AND EMIL NIX - British Military Court, Borken, Germany (21st and 22nd December, 1945) ..P74
68. TRIAL OF HANS RENOTH AND THREE OTHERS - British Military Court, Elten, Germany (8th-10th January,1946) ..P76
69. TRIAL OF ARNO HEERING - British Military Court, Hanover (25th-26th January, 1946) ..P79
70. TRIAL OF WILLI MACKENSEN - British Military Court, Hanover (28th January, 1946) ..P81
71. TRIAL OF EBERHARD SCHOENGRATH AND SIX OTHERS - British Military Court, Burgsieinfurt, Germany (7th-11th February, 1946) ..P83

ANNEX - NETHERLANDS LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS ..P86

VOLUME XII – THE CASES

72. THE GERMAN HIGH COMMAND TRIAL - TRIAL OF WILHELM VON LEEB AND 13 OTHERS - United States Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 30th December, 1947-28th October, 1948 ..P1

VOLUME XIII - THE CASES

73. TRIAL OF ULRICH GREIFELT AND OTHERS - United States Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 10th October, 1947-lOth March, 1948 ..P1
74. TRIAL OF GAULEITER ARTUR GREISER - Supreme National Tribunal of Poland, 21st June-7th July, 1946 ..P70
75. TRIAL OF ALBERT WAGNER - General Military Government Tribunal of the French Zone of Occupation in Germany (Judgement Delivered on 29th November, 1946) ..P118
76. TRIAL OF WASHIO AWOCHI - Netherlands Temporary Court-Martial at Batavia (Judgement Delivered on 25th October, 1946) ..P122
77. TRIAL OF SUSUKI MOTOSUKE - Netherlands Temporary Court-Martial at Amboina (Judgement Delivered on 28th January, 1948) ..P126
78. TRIAL OF WILHELM GERBSCH - The Special Court in Amsterdam, First Chamber (Judgement Delivered on 28th April, 1948) ..P131
79. TRIAL OF SHIGEKI MOTOMURA AND 15 OTHERS - Netherlands Temporary Court-Martial at Macassar (Judgement delivered on 18th July, 1947) ..P138
80. TRIAL OF HEINZHAGENDORF United States Intermediate Military Government Court at Dachau, Germany, 8th-9th August, 1946 ..P146
81. TRIAL OF ERICH WEISS AND WILHELM MUNDO - United States General Military Government Court at Ludwigsburg, Germany, 9th-10th November, 1945 ..P149
82. TRIAL OF MAX SCHMID - United States General Military Government Court at Dachau, Germany, 19th May, 1947 ..P151

VOLUME XIV – THE CASES

83. TRIAL OF TAKASHI SAKAI - Chinese War Crimes Military Tribunal of The Ministry of National Defence, Nanking (Judgement Delivered on 29th August, 1946) ..P1
84. TRIAL OF LOTHAR EISENTRAGER AND OTHERS - United States Military Commission, Shanghai, China (3rd October, 1946-14th January, 1947) ..P8
85. TRIAL OF DR. JOSEPH BUHLER - Supreme National Tribunal of Poland (17th June-10th July, 1948) .. P23
86. TRIAL OF HANS PAUL HELMUTH LATZA AND TWO OTHERS - Eidsivating Lagmannsrett (Court of Appeal) and the Supreme Court of Norway (18th February, 1947-3rd December, 1948) ..P49
87. TRIAL OF JOSEF HANGOBL - General Military Court, Dachau, Germany (17th-18th October, 1945) ..P86
88. TRIAL OF HANS ALBIN HAUTER - Netherlands Special Court in 's-Gravenhage (The Hague) (Judgement delivered on 4th May, 1948) and Netherlands Special Court of Cassation. (Judgement delivered on 12th January, 1949) ..P89
89. TRIAL OF WILLY ZUEHLKE - Netherlands Special Court in Amsterdam (Judgement delivered on 3rd August, 1948) and Netherlands Special Court of Cassation (Judgement delivered on 6th December, 1948) ..P139

ANNEX: CHINESE LAW CONCERNING TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS ..P152

VOLUME XV

I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW ..P5
1. CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES ACCEPTED BY CIVILIZED NATIONS GENERALLY ..P5
2. INTERSTATE AGREEMENTS ..P10
3. THE DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL TRIBUNALS ..P17
4. THE OPINIONS OF QUALIFIED TEXT WRITERS ..P20

III. THE LEGAL BASIS OF COURTS ADMINISTERING INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW ..P23
A. PROVISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ..P23
B. THE USE MADE BY VARIOUS ALLIED STATES AND COURTS OF THESE PROVISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ..P28

IV. THE PARTIES TO CRIMES ..P49
A. RULES RELATING TO COMPLICITY ..P49
B. CATEGORIES OF CRIMINALS ..P58
(i) Party Officials and Administrators ..P59
(ii) Industrialists and Business Men ..P59
(iii) Judges ..P60
(iv) Prosecutors ..P61
(v) Doctors and Nurses ..P61
(vi) Executioners ..P61
(vii) Concentration Camp Inmates ..P61
(viii) Military Officers and Other Superiors ..P62
(a) Trials and Provisions Relevant to the Question of the Burden of Proof ..P63
(b) Trials and Provisions Relevant to the Question of Substantive Law ..P65
(ix) Staff Officers ..P76
(x) Parachute Troops ..P79

V. SOME TYPES OF VICTIMS OF CRIMES ..P80
1. PRISONERS OF WAR ..P80
2. CIVILIANS IN OCCUPIED TERRITORY AND ALLIED CIVILIANS IN ENEMY TERRITORY ..P84
3. EX-ENEMY NATIONALS ..P86

VI. TYPES OF OFFENCES ..P89
A. INCHOATE OFFENCES ..P89
1. INCITEMENT ..P89
2. ATTEMPTS ..P89
3. CONSPIRACIES ..P90

B. WAR CRIMES ..P99
1. OFFENCES AGAINST PRISONERS OF WAR ..P99
(i) The killing of prisoners of war without due cause ..P99
(ii) Denial of a fair trial to prisoners of war ..P99
(iii) Ill-treatment of prisoners of war ..P100
(iv) Denial to prisoners of war of the minimum conditions conducive to life and health ..P101
(v) Causing prisoners of war to perform unhealthy or dangerous work ..P103
(vi) Causing prisoners of war to perform work having a direct connection with the operations of war.P103
(vii) Infringement of the religious rights of prisoners of war ..P105
(viii) Handing over prisoners of war to the S.D. ..P106

2. OFFENCES AGAINST THE SICK AND WOUNDED ..P106
3. OFFENCES AGAINST SURVIVORS OF SUNKEN SHIPS ..P107
4. THE KILLING WITHOUT TRIAL OF CAPTURED SPIES ..P108
5. OFFENCES COMMITTED DURING ACTUAL COMBAT ..P109

6. OFFENCES AGAINST INHABITANTS OF OCCUPIED TERRITORIES ..P113
(i) The unwarranted killing of inhabitants of occupied territories ..P113
(ii) Denial of a fair trial to inhabitants of occupied territories ..P113
(iii) Ill-treatment of inhabitants of occupied territories ..P114
(iv) Subjection to illegal experiments ..P114
(v) Deportation of inhabitants of occupied territories ..P117
(vi) Putting civilians to forced labour ..P119
(vii) Enforced prostitution ..P121
(viii) False imprisonment ..P121
(ix) Denunciation to the occupying authorities ..P121
(x) Illegal recruiting into armed forces ..P121
(xi) Incitement of civilians to take up arms against their own country ..P121
(xii) Genocide ..P122
(xiii) Denationalisation ..P123
(xiv) Invasion of the religious rights of Inhabitants of occupied territories ..P123
(xv) Wholesale substitution of existing courts of law ..P124
(xvi) Offences against property ..P125

7. SOME EXCEPTIONAL CATEGORIES OF WAR CRIMES ..P131
(i) Offences committed in Breach of Surrender Terms ..P131
(ii) The Giving of Unexecuted Orders ..P133
(iii) The Abuse of Red Cross Protection ..P133
(iv) Offences Committed against Dead Bodies ..P134

C. CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY ..P134
D. CRIMES AGAINST PEACE ..P138
E. MEMBERSHIP OF CRIMINAL ORGANISATIONS ..P150

VII. DEFENCE PLEAS ..P155
1. THE PLEA OF SUPERIOR ORDERS ..P157
2. THE PLEA THAT AN ACT WAS LEGAL OR EVEN OBLIGATORY UNDER MUNICIPAL LAW ..P160
3. THE PLEA OF HAVING ACTED IN AN OFFICIAL CAPACITY ..P161
4. THE PLEA THAT THE ALLEGED OFFENCE WAS CARRIED OUT AS A JUDICIAL ACT ..P161
5. THE PLEA OF NULLUM CRIMEN SINE LEGE, NULLA POENA SINE LEGE ..P166
6. THE PLEA OF DURESS ..P170
7. MILITARY NECESSITY ..P175
8. SELF-DEFENCE ..P177
9. THE PLEA OF LEGITIMATE REPRISALS ..P177
10. IGNORANCE OF THE LAW ..P182
11. MISTAKE OF FACT ..P184
12. THE MENTAL CAPACITY OF THE ACCUSED ..P185
13. THE ALLEGED VAGUENESS, UNCERTAINTY OR OBSOLETENESS OF THE LAW ..P185
14. THE PLEA THAT A SHOT PRISONER OF WAR WAS SHOT WHILE ATTEMPTING TO ESCAPE ..P186
15. PLEAS IN MITIGATION OF SENTENCE ..P187

VIII. THE PROCEDURE OF THE COURTS ..P189
1. RIGHT OF ACCUSED TO KNOW THE SUBSTANCE OF THE CHARGE ..P190
2. RIGHT OF ACCUSED TO BE PRESENT AT TRIAL AND TO GIVE EVIDENCE ..P191
3. RIGHT OF ACCUSED TO HAVE AID OF COUNSEL ..P192
4. RIGHT OF THE ACCUSED TO HAVE THE PROCEEDINGS MADE INTELLIGIBLE TO HIM BY INTERPRETATION ..P193
5. RULES REGARDING APPEAL AND CONFIRMATION ..P194
6. STRESS PLACED ON EXPEDITIOUS PROCEDURE ..P197
7. RULES OF EVIDENCE ..P197

IX. PUNISHMENT OF CRIMINALS ..P200

ANNEX I - CERTAIN JURISDICTIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO BELGIAN, CZECHOSLOVAK AND YUGOSLAV COURTS EMPOWERED TO TRY WAR CRIMINALS ..P203

I. THE JURISDICTION OF BELGIAN MILITARY TRIBUNALS OVER WAR CRIMES AND CERTAIN TREASONABLE ACTS ..P203
2. JURISDICTION OF THE PEOPLE'S COURTS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA OVER WAR CRIMINALS AND TRAITORS ..P205
3. JURISDICTION OF YUGOSLAV COURTS OVER WAR CRIMES AND TREASONABLE ACTIVITIES ..P207

ANNEX II: INDEX OF CASES REPORTED OR CITED IN THESE VOLUMES ..P210

***

OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION

United Nations War Crimes Commission (Wiki)
Good Article at ENotes - United Nations War Crimes Commission (Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity)
UN Archives (Word Document) – United Nations War Crimes Commission. Records, 1901-1949, 1943-1949 (bulk)
UK National Archives - War Crimes of the Second World War - Military Records Information 27
US National Archives - Collection of World War II War Crimes Records

Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects (CROWCASS)

Book: CROWCASS : WANTED LISTS By the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), Published by Naval & Military Press, 2005

Go To This Post For Numerous UDHR Translations:
UDHR (Universal Declaration Of Human Rights) in Arabic, Czech, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian & Spanish - Also Includes links to 359 translations of the UDHR.

Oliveira - Brazilian Lawyer Attacked By Neo Nazis in Switzerland

2009-02-13T14:10:00.017Z

NEO NAZI ATTACK IN SWITZERLAND
Why do Neo Nazis still exist? Why did they attack a Brazilian Woman (with Twins) in Switzerland?
(Swiss Authorities are NOW claiming this widely circulated media story is fictitious. Who do you trust?)

I have just finished a series of posts to Justice Will Be Served about Nazi Germany and the importance of the UDHR. One of these posts addresses the inhumane experiments of Nazi Doctors during the war. Dr Mengele is well known for having carried out experiments on Twins in Auschwitz (Oświęcim) Concentration Camp. He was never caught and prosecuted. After the war, Brazil gave Dr Mengele sanctuary and refuge for 19 years, until his death in 1979. For more information about Dr Mengele and the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial go to 5NAZI GERMANY - THE DOCTORS & MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS and for 2NAZI GERMANY - EUGENICS, RACIAL PURITY & PERSECUTION.

PAULA OLIVEIRA, 26, BRAZILIAN LAWYER ATTACKED BY NEO NAZIS
ON MONDAY 9 FEBRUARY 2009
IN STETTBACH TRAIN STATION, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
P.O. lives and works in Dubendorf, Switzerland.

Police are investigating claims by a Brazilian woman that she was attacked with a Stanley Knife in Stettbach train station, Zurich by three skinhead youths sporting Neo Nazi symbols. One of the assailants was described as having a swastika tattooed on the back of his head. They are thought to be members of the extreme right wing political party, which fiercely opposes immigration.

The lawyer was on her way home from work on Monday when she was approached by the men as she was speaking in Portuguese to her mother on a cell phone.

The lawyer's legs and abdomen were slashed with the blade. Her attackers carved 'SVP', the initials of the extreme right wing political party "Schweizerische Volkspartei" (Swiss People's Party), on her legs and belly. (SVP is also the abbreviation for: Go HERE)

In a statement printed in the Brazilian media, the Swiss police said: "Shortly after 7.30pm, a man called Zurich police to ask for help for a woman at the Stettbach train station. On arrival, officers found the 26-year-old Brazilian with superficial cuts on her body. It was possible to recognize letters carved into her skin. The woman said she had been attacked by three men at the station, who kicked her several times and hurt her with a knife. She also said she was pregnant and that she suffered miscarriage in a toilet near the station after the attack. Officers took the woman to the hospital for further enquiries."

The 26-year-old lawyer says she miscarried twins immediately after the attack. But at a news conference on Friday afternoon, Zurich police said she had not been pregnant at the time.

She has now returned to her hometown of Recife, in Brazil, accompanied by her family following the attack.

Even before the independent gynecological and forensic conclusions were released, some Swiss newspapers and politicians had suggested the woman's story might have been made up, like some other alleged attacks. (The list of actual attacks in Europe outweighs the few hoax attacks, to which they refer.)

PICTURE: 5VP OR SVP (A blade could have rounded the S on the Legs, if this was the intended character.)

BRAZIL DEMANDS PROBE!
Brazil has called for a full inquiry into allegations one of its citizens was subjected to a racist attack in Zurich. The Swiss ambassador to Brazil had been summoned by the foreign minister, Celso Amorim, who expressed "deep concern" over a "case with an obvious xenophobic motive".

PAULA OLIVEIRA'S PARTNER
Oliveira's fiance, investment consultant Marco Trepp (Swiss Citizen), claimed she was still terrified by the attack, which he said occurred only days after she accepted his marriage proposal.

"She's in a post-traumatic phase, scared of everything, especially to walk on the street," Trepp told the Folha de Sao Paulo newspaper. "Last night, she had lots of nightmares. She couldn't sleep well. She woke up sweating, screaming."

PAULA OLIVEIRA'S FATHER
The woman's father has blamed Swiss police for dragging their feet on a potentially embarrassing investigation and criticized those who suggested his daughter had lied.

"They're trying to transform the victim into a criminal. This is the tactic of a Nazi militia," Paulo Oliveira told the O Estado de Sao Paulo newspaper.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Swiss Police: Woman May Have Faked Skinhead Attack (Latest) - 13 February 2009 - Associated Press
Doubts Grow Over Skinhead 'Knife Attack' on Brazilian Woman - 13 February 2009 - The Guardian (UK)
Pregnant Brazilian Attacked With Knife by Neo-Nazis in Switzerland - 13 February 2009 - The Telegraph (UK)
Shocking Attack on Brazilian Woman In Switzerland - 13 February 2009 - Associated Press
Brazil Demands Probe into Alleged Racist Attack - 13 February 2009 - swissinfo.ch

7NAZI GERMANY - WWII BY INTERNATIONAL DESIGN - THE ECONOMY AND FOREIGN INVESTORS

2009-02-10T14:30:00.011Z

NAZI GERMANY - WORLD WAR II BY INTERNATIONAL DESIGN
THE ECONOMY AND FOREIGN INVESTORS

Global Financial Crisis 2009: Mr Paul Moore held a senior post at the UK HBOS bank between 2002 and 2005, said “Anyone 'Not Blinded By Money, Power And Pride' Knew There Was Something Wrong”. Revenge of the Whistleblower: Sacked and Gagged for Warning of Disaster - Daily Mail - 11 Feb 2009

There are nine posts in this series on Nazi Germany. Each post touches briefly on the subject given that there are already numerous research papers, articles and books, covering each topic in depth. Many links are included in each post. For the reasoning behind writing these posts, read the Introduction HERE.

0 INTRODUCTION - Why this Series of Posts?

1 UN CHARTER & UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Why WWII Drove The Creation Of The UDHR.

***

NAZI GERMANY - WWII BY INTERNATIONAL DESIGN
- THE ECONOMY AND FOREIGN INVESTORS

BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE ECONOMY OF NAZI GERMANY
On 30 January 1933 Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg in the aftermath of the Great Depression and at a time when Germany had an unemployment rate of close to 30%.

On the night of 27 February 1933 the Reichstag building was set on fire and a Dutch council communist Marinus van der Lubbe was found inside the building. He was arrested and charged with starting the blaze.

The Reichstag Fire Decree is the common name of the Order issued by the German President, in direct response to the Reichstag fire. The decree nullified many of the key civil liberties of German citizens. It was used as the legal grounds for the imprisonment of anyone considered to be opponents of the Nazis including the German Communist Party (KPD). Publications unfriendly to the Nazis cause were also suppressed.

WHY DID NAZI GERMANY BOYCOTT JEWISH GOODS AND SERVICES IN 1933?

Those opposing Hitler's policies in the United States, the United Kingdom and other places worldwide, organized a boycott of German Goods and public protests to encourage Nazi Germany to end the regime's anti-Jewish practices, shortly after the Reichstag Fire Decree.

On 12 March 1933 the American Jewish Congress decided to hold a massive protest at Madison Square Gardens, New York City on 27 March 1933.

At an emergency meeting on 20 March 1933 in the Hotel Astor in New York City, the American Jewish Congress told 1,500 representatives of various Jewish organizations, of their intention to hold a protest meeting on 27 March.

In a meeting held on 21 March by the Jewish War Veterans, USA, former congressman William W. Cohen advocated a strict boycott of German goods, stating that "Any Jew Buying One Penny's Worth of Merchandise Made in Germany is a Traitor to his People."

On 24 March 1933 the Daily Express Newspaper (UK) printed this front page story:

JUDEA DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY
Jews of all the World Unite
BOYCOTT OF GERMAN GOODS
MASS DEMONSTRATION IN MANY DISTRICTS

The full text of this article can be found in this PDF File.

On 27 March 1933 the American Jewish Congress and its allies convened simultaneous protest rallies at Madison Square Garden in New York, in Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cleveland and 70 other locations. The AJCongress president, the American Federation of Labor president and Senator Robert F. Wagner, former New York governor Al Smith and several Christian clergy called for an immediate cessation of the brutal treatment being inflicted on German Jewry. The Madison Square rally was broadcast Worldwide.

On 28 March Hitler responded to the Jewish boycott and the threats in a speech - after the Jewish Declaration of War and Protest Rallies - saying:

“Now that the domestic enemies of the nation have been eliminated by the Volk itself, what we have long been waiting for will not come to pass.

The Communist and Marxist criminals and their Jewish-intellectual instigators, who, having made off with their capital stocks across the border in the nick of time, are now unfolding an unscrupulous, treasonous campaign of agitation against the German Volk as a whole from there....

Lies and slander of positively hair-raising perversity are being launched about Germany. Horror stories of dismembered Jewish corpses, gouged out eyes and hacked off hands are circulating for the purpose of defaming the German Volk in the world for the second time, just as they had succeeded in doing once before in 1914.”

The Nazi Counter-Boycott
Nazi officials countered the protests as slanders against the Nazis perpetrated by "Jews of German origin". The Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels proclaimed that a series of "sharp countermeasures" would be taken against the Jews of Germany in response to the protests of American Jews. Goebbels announced a one-day boycott of his own to commence on 1 April 1933 that would be aimed by Aryan Germans against Jewish-owned businesses. The boycott would be lifted if anti-Nazi protests were suspended.

The Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses started with Brown Shirts of the SA standing menacingly in front of Jewish-owned department stores, retail establishments and professional offices. Placards stating "Don't Buy from Jews" and "The Jews Are Our Misfortune" were posted.

The attacks on Germany did not cease. An International Jewish Boycott Conference was held in Amsterdam in July 1933 to coordinate the ongoing boycott campaign. It was held under the auspices of the self-styled World Jewish Economic Federation. Samuel Untermyer was their elected president. The conference adopted a resolution that called for a boycott by world Jewry of German goods and services.

Untermyer returned to New York and in an appeal on WABC radio, which was also broadcast by the Columbia network, he identified the boycott as a "holy war in the cause of humanity."

LINKS TO JUDEA DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY
The Jewish Declaration of War on Nazi Germany - The Economic Boycott of 1933 - The Barnes Review (USA)

The Transfer Agreement
Edwin Black's compelling, award-winning story of a negotiated arrangement in 1933 between Zionist organizations and the Nazis to transfer some 50,000 Jews, and $100 million of their assets, to Jewish Palestine in exchange for stopping the worldwide Jewish-led boycott threatening to topple the Hitler regime in its first year.

"Hitler's Bitterest Foe": Samuel Untermyer and the Boycott of Nazi Germany, 1933-1938

Book: The "Hitler Myth": Image and Reality in the Third Reich By Ian Kershaw

***

The Enabling Act was passed by Germany's Reichstag and signed by the President on 23 March 1933. It was the second major step, after the Reichstag Fire Decree, through which Chancellor Adolf Hitler legally obtained plenary powers and became Führer. The Act granted the Cabinet the authority to enact laws without the participation of the Reichstag for four years.

Following the introduction of the Enabling Act, trade unions and political parties were all “brought into line”. On 2nd May 1933 Nazis broke into trade unions offices and arrested thousands of union officials. The unions were then merged into the ‘German Labour Front’, which had a Nazi leader and to which all workers had to belong. Trade unions were abolished along with collective bargaining and the right to strike.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Clearly States:
Article 23 4. - Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

The right to quit also disappeared: Labour books were introduced in 1935 and Germans required the consent of their current employer before being hired for another job.

The Night of the Long Knives or "Operation Hummingbird", was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between 30 June and 2 July 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political executions. Most of those killed were members of the Sturmabteilung (SA), a Nazi paramilitary organization. Adolf Hitler viewed the SA and its leader, Ernst Röhm, as a direct threat to his power, because of their independence and the penchant of its members for street violence.

THE ECONOMY

Hitler appointed Hjalmar Schacht, a non-nazi and former member of the German Democratic Party, as Chairman of the Reichsbank in 1933 and Minister of Economics in 1934. Schacht was one of the few finance ministers to take advantage of the freedom provided by the end of the gold standard to keep interest rates low and government budget deficits high, with massive public works funded by the large budget deficits. The consequence was the fastest decline in unemployment, in any country during the Great Depression. Eventually this economic policy was supplemented by the boost to provide rearmament with a swelling increase in military spending.

Throughout the 1930s, German businesses were encouraged to form cartels, monopolies and oligopolies, whose interests were then protected by the state.

In June 1933, the "Reinhardt Program" was introduced. It was an ambitious project for the development of the country's infrastructure; it combined indirect incentives, such as tax reductions, with direct public investment in waterways, railroads and highways. In 1933 only 666,000 Germans worked in construction; by 1936 the number had gone up to 2,000,000. Road construction was expanded at a very rapid pace.

The Reinhardt Program of 1933 was followed by other similar initiatives resulting in great expansion of the German construction industry between 1933 and 1936. Germany needed a state-of-the-art highway system in order to be able to move troops and materials quickly. Cars and other forms of motorized transport became increasingly attractive to the population.

ARMAMENTS AND MILITARY EXPENDITURE
An important component of the new German economy was massive rearmament, with the goal being to expand the 100,000-strong German Army into a force of millions. In 1936, military spending in Germany exceeded 10% of GNP (higher than any other European country at the time). Military investment also exceeded civilian investment from 1936 onwards. Armaments dominated government expenditures on goods and services.

Refer to A. Tooze, Wages of Destruction (London, 2006)
Arming the Reich: Quantifying Armaments Production in the Third Reich 1933-1945' (June 2006).
Arming the Reich Data – Data and Charts are in an Excel File.

THE FOUR YEAR PLAN
Hjalmar Schacht began to lose favour with Hitler when he opposed increasing military expenditures. In 1937 he resigned and Hitler's trusted lieutenant, Hermann Goering took over complete control of the economy including the private sector. Goering introduced the four year plan with the main aim of making Germany self-sufficient to fight a war within four years.

Under Goering imports were slashed. Wages and prices were controlled--under penalty of being sent to a concentration camp. Dividends were restricted to six percent on book capital. Various strategic goals were declared (similar to Soviet planning): the construction of synthetic rubber plants, more steel plants and automatic textile factories. Germany began building refineries, aluminium plants, factories for the development of synthetic-materials and further developed the Autobahn system.

The plan also placed an emphasis on building up the nation's military defenses, which was a direct violation of the terms set up by the Allies of World War I at the Treaty of Versailles, which stated:

The German army was to be restricted to 100,000 men, there was to be no conscription, no tanks or heavy artillery and no general staff. The German navy was restricted to 15,000 men and no submarines while the fleet was limited to six battleships (of less than 10,000 tonnes), six cruisers and 12 destroyers. Germany was not permitted an air force. Finally, Germany was explicitly required to retain all enlisted men for 12 years and all officers for 25 years, so that only a limited number of men would have military training.

The Four Year Plan technically expired in 1940, but the "Office of the Four Year Plan" had become such a power base that the Four year plan was extended indefinitely. Much of the Four Year Plan's goals relating to economic production were accomplished between 1941 and 1944.

The Nazi Four Year Plan - Axis History Forum

EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES

Unemployment was in rapid decline under Hitler.
- 4.8 million in 1933
- 2.7 million in 1934
- 2.2 million in 1935
- 1.6 million in 1936
- 0.9 million in 1937
- 0.4 million in 1938
- 0.1 million by 1939.
Source: V.R.Berghahn: Modern Germany, p. 284, table 18.

While strict state intervention into the economy and the massive rearmament policy almost led to full employment during the 1930s (statistics didn't include non-citizens or women), real wages in Germany dropped by roughly 25% between 1933 and 1938.

PROFITS AND TAXATION
In place of ordinary profit incentives to guide investment, investment was guided through regulation to meet the needs of the State. Heavy taxes on profits limited self-financing of firms. The largest firms were mostly exempt from taxes on profits, however government control of these were extensive enough to leave "only the shell of private ownership."

FOREIGN TRADE / IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
The Nazi government tried to limit the number of its trade partners and when possible, only trade with countries within the German sphere of influence. A number of bilateral trade agreements were signed between Germany and other European countries (mostly countries located in Southern and South-Eastern Europe) during the 1930s. The German government strongly encouraged trade with these countries but strongly discouraged trade with any others.

By the late 1930s, the aims of German trade policy were to use economic and political power to make the countries of Southern Europe and the Balkans dependent on Germany. The German economy would draw its raw materials from that region, and the countries in question would receive German manufactured goods in exchange. In 1938, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece transacted 50% of all their foreign trade with Germany.

In 1938 there were three German companies with large foreign subsidiaries: Siemens with 11.2% of the workforce employed abroad, Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft with less than 20% and Mannesmann with 10%.

Seven of the 100 largest German Companies were subsidiaries of foreign companies. The Seven Foreign-Controlled Companies were the subsidiaries of

1. Luxembourgish Arbed (STEEL - Felten & Guilleaume, Eschweiler Bergwerksverein and Burbacher Hütte)
2. American General Motors (VEHICLES - Adam Opel)
3. American International Telephone & Telegraph (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - Deutsche I.T.& T.-Gruppe)
4. American Singer Corporation (SEWING MACHINES- Singer Nähmaschinen)
5. French de Wendel group (MINING & STEEL -de Wendelsche Berg-und Hüttenwerke),
6. Belgian Solvay (CHEMICALS - Deutsche Solvay) and
7. Dutch-British Royal Dutch Shell (OIL - Rhenania Ossag Mineralölwerke).

The Ten Largest Germany Companies in 1938 were
1. Deutsche Reichsbahn - 703,546 employees - Railway
2. Deutsche Reichspost - 397,890 employees - Postal Administration
3. I.G. Farbenindustrie - 218,000 employees - Chemicals
4. Vereinigte Stahlwerke - 197,000 employees - Mining & Steel
5. Siemens (Siemens & Halske and Siemens-Schuckert) - 165,975 employees - Electrical Engineering
6. Friedrich Krupp - 123,408 employees - Mining and Steel
7. Gutehoffnungshütte - 75,781 employees - Mining and Steel
8. Vereinigte Elektrizitäts und Bergwerks Aktiengesellschaft - 72,345 employees - Mining and Utilities
9. Friedrich Flick KG - 71,408 employees - Steel
10. Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft - 65,000 employees - Electrical Engineering

WORLD WAR II
The war commenced in 1939 even though the Four-Year Plan would not technically expire until 1940. The “Four-Year Plan" office effectively controlled all German economic and production matters by this point in time. In 1942 the growing burdens of the war and the death of Todt saw the economy move to a full war economy under Albert Speer.

Hitler's policy of Lebensraum, detailed in his book Mein Kampf, strongly emphasized the conquest of new lands in the East and the exploitation of these lands to provide raw materials and cheap goods to Germany. The implementation of the Lebensraum concept began in 1939 with the occupation of Poland. In reality the intensity of the fighting on the Eastern Front and the Soviet scorched earth policy meant that the Germans found little they could use. On the other hand, a large quantity of goods flowed into Germany from conquered lands in the West. For example, two-thirds of all French trains in 1941 were used to carry goods to Germany. Norway lost 20% of its national income in 1940 and 40% in 1943.

The proportion of military spending in the German economy began growing rapidly after 1942, as the Nazi government was forced to dedicate more and more of the country's economic resources to fighting a losing war. Civilian factories were converted to military use and placed under military administration. By late 1944, almost the entire German economy was dedicated to military production. At the same time, Allied bombings were destroying German factories and cities at a rapid pace, leading to the final collapse of the German war economy in 1945.

LINKS
The Nazi Economy – Alternate History

BOOK LINKS
The Nazi Economic Recovery, 1932-1938:1932-1938 By R. J. Overy, Economic History Society 1996
The performance of the German economy under the Nazi regime has been the subject of intense academic debate. Originally published by Macmillan in 1982, this fully revised and updated edition of a highly regarded survey argues that the war preparation was ultimately incompatible with long-term economic recovery.
War and economy in the Third Reich By R. J. Overy, Oxford University Press, 1994
Business and Industry in Nazi Germany By Francis R. Nicosia, Jonathan Huener, University of Vermont Center for Holocaust Studies 2004

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THE ALLIED VICTORS – THE COVER UPS AND POST WAR OPPORTUNISM

Nazi Germany's Ethical Contribution to Health
Nazi Germany had arguably the most powerful anti-tobacco movement in the world. Anti-tobacco research received strong backing from the government, and German scientists proved that cigarette smoke could cause cancer. German pioneering research on experimental epidemiology led to the 1939 paper by Franz H. Müller, and the 1943 paper by Eberhard Schairer and Erich Schöniger which convincingly demonstrated that tobacco smoking was a main culprit in lung cancer. The government urged German doctors to counsel patients against tobacco use.

Nazi Medicine and Public Health Policy Article by Robert N. Proctor - The Anti-Defamation League's Braun Holocaust Institute
“The Nazi War on Cancer” Book by Robert N. Proctor

German research on the dangers of tobacco was silenced after the war, and the dangers of tobacco had to be rediscovered by American and English scientists in the early 1950s, with a medical consensus arising in the early 1960s. German scientists also proved that asbestos was a health hazard, and in 1943 — as the first nation in the world to offer such a benefit — Germany recognized the diseases caused by asbestos, e.g., lung cancer, as occupational illnesses eligible for compensation.

The German asbestos-cancer research was later used by American lawyers doing battle against the Johns-Manville Corporation. As part of the general public-health campaign in Nazi Germany, water supplies were cleaned up, lead and mercury were removed from consumer products, and women were urged to undergo regular screenings for breast cancer.

POST WAR LOOTING OF GERMAN PATENTS
The most creative period in world history may have been Germany between 1932 and 1945. Much of America's scientific lead came from looting German patents by the ton, both in World War I and far more so after World War II. From saccharin and aspirin to refrigeration, radio and space flight technology, the victorious Allies ensured their post-War scientific lead and prosperity by simply stealing German inventions - literally thousands of tons of patents. As one gloating Washington bureaucrat put it, it was "the first orderly exploitation of an entire country's brain power."
The Great Patents Heist - Article Barnes Review

REMOVAL/KIDNAP OF GERMAN EXPERTS
Operation Paperclip/Project Paperclip was the code name for the 1945 Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency O.S.S. recruitment of scientists from Nazi Germany to the U.S. after Victory in Europe Day.

Project Paperclip: Dark Side Of The Moon - BBC (UK)

UK Government Archives – List of Documents Relating to the Removal and Employment of German Scientists and Technicians in Ally countries and The Denial Policy.
In 1947, the Ministry of Supply developed a policy for over 1500 scientists and technicians who were formally involved in wartime research in Germany. This policy dictated to forcibly remove 'whether they liked it or not' the scientists from Germany to lessen the risk of them falling into enemy hands. The ministry organized work permits to be issued for the scientists and their families to come to the UK, its colonies and the USA to work on similar projects.

The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding European Countries and creating a stronger foundation for the countries of Western Europe, and repelling communism after World War II.

The Marshall-Plan Hoax:
Marshall Plan vs. Robbery, Murder and Destruction? By Karl Baßler - Scriptorium
"The Marshall Plan was the American occupiers' noble and generous gesture to their defeated WW2 enemy, providing massive financial and material aid to help economic recovery. The Germans owe their American supporters a debt of eternal gratitude." So the story goes to this very day... but reality looked rather different! In this article, an academically accredited economist sheds an entirely new light on this financial-political affair which turns out to have been nothing more than grand-scale theft and destruction in humanitarian disguise!

THE NUREMBERG TRIALS FOR GERMAN INDUSTRIALISTS

During the War, Siemens ran factories at Ravensbrück Concentration Camp and in the Auschwitz subcamp of Bobrek, among others, and the company supplied electrical parts to other concentration and death camps. In the camp factories, abysmal living and working conditions were ubiquitous: malnutrition and death were not uncommon. Despite German industry's repeated denials, these camp factories were created, run, and supplied by the SS in conjunction with company officials -- sometimes high-level employees.

Dozens of executives of three of wartime Germany's largest companies were prosecuted for war crimes and crimes against humanity. In the dock were directors of the Krupp and Flick (steel and coal) companies, both of which had built weapons of war and had employed forced labor, and also board members of I.G. Farben, the chemical and pharmaceutical giant that had run a synthetic rubber factory at Auschwitz.

Alfried Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach, the sole owner of Krupp, was found guilty of employing slave labor and plundering businesses in France and the Netherlands. Krupp was stripped of all his property and business holdings and sentenced to 12 years in prison.

The Flick Nuremburg Trial (19 April - 22 December 1947)
The IG Farben Nuremburg Trial (27 August 1947 - 30 July 1948)
The Krupp Nuremburg Trial (8 December 1947 - 31 July 1948)

SLAVE AND FORCED LABOUR COMPENSATION
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Conference on Material Claims Against Germany, an organization representing Jewish Holocaust survivors, approached Germany's major companies -- Siemens, Krupp, Rheinmetall, and others -- and requested compensation for people they had abused during the war. Several years of acrimonious negotiations and corporate stubbornness eventually yielded meager payments for some Jewish victims.

Today, hundreds of thousands of Jewish and non-Jewish survivors of forced and slave labor -- many of them from former communist countries -- who were not covered by these earlier settlements, are seeking compensation. Some Germans have made anti-Semitic remarks about the plaintiffs in the lawsuits. They have also intimated that the plaintiffs' attorneys are greedy opportunists, who are seeking to make money off of the suffering of old and dying Holocaust survivors. Individual companies, like Volkswagen, have been quietly establishing their own foundations to pay former forced and slave laborers.

THE INDUSTRIALISTS AND THEIR MOTIVES
Research from scholarly inquiries indicated that German industrialists in the Thirties and Forties weren't, by and large, ideologues as much as OPPORTUNISTS; it was their eagerness for PROFITS that led them to participate in a number of HEINOUS ENDEAVORS: securing control of Jewish-owned companies, producing war matériel for the Wehrmacht, exploiting forced and slave laborers.

GREED drove all too many "apolitical businessmen" to engage in ODIOUS CONDUCT. This behavior, however, was not an exclusive function of capitalism. Undoubtedly, latent and overt anti-Semitism, anti-Slavic sentiments, and German nationalism also allowed some industrialists to work with the regime out of a sense of patriotism, and without ever reflecting upon the MORAL BOUNDARIES they were CROSSING.

Fear and the DESIRE FOR SELF-PROTECTION were also important factors motivating businessmen. Even within the context of a dictatorship that demanded high levels of production for war, industrialists made choices as individuals. They approached the SS for cheap labor; they decided whether to buy a Jewish company at a fraction of its value; they determined how forced and slave laborers would be treated in their factories.

Article: German Industry and the Third Reich: Fifty Years of Forgetting and Remembering By S. Jonathan Wiesen by Anti-Defamation League's Braun Holocaust Institute

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WHICH FOREIGN COMPANIES INVESTED IN NAZI GERMANY?

"It came as an unpleasant surprise to discover that the enemy was also driving trucks manufactured by Ford and Opel — a 100 percent GM-owned subsidiary ..."

It has been claimed that without the help from Foreign Industrialists, Hitler might never have been able to wage World War II.

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
The major U.S. automakers (including Chrysler) established multinational operations as early as the 1920s and 1930s, locating plants in Germany, eastern Europe and Japan. GM and Ford, through their subsidiaries, controlled 70 percent of the German automobile market when war broke out in 1939.

"The outbreak of war in September 1939 resulted inevitably in the full conversion by GM and Ford of their Axis plants to the production of military aircraft and trucks," according to a 1974 report printed by the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee.

"On the ground, GM and Ford subsidiaries built nearly 90 percent of the armored ‘mule’ 3-ton half-trucks and more than 70 percent of the Reich’s medium and heavy-duty trucks. These vehicles, according to American intelligence reports, served as ‘the backbone of the German Army transportation system.’"

GM and Ford were vital components of the Nazi war effort. GM’s plants built thousands of bomber and jet fighter propulsion systems for the LUFTWAFFE — while at the same time profiting from production of aircraft engines for the U.S. Army Air Corps.

GENERAL MOTORS
GM was controlled by the du Pont family during the 1930s and owned 80% of the stock of Opel AG, which made 30% of Germany's passenger cars. GM’s involvement in Germany began in 1935 with the opening of a truck factory near Berlin. Within a few years trucks produced by that factory would be part of German Army convoys rumbling through Poland, France and the Soviet Union.

Opel earned GM a hefty $36 million in the 10 years before war broke out, but because Hitler prohibited the export of capital, GM reinvested the profits in other German companies. At least $20 million was invested in companies owned or controlled by Nazi officials. 'The Nazis could not have invaded Poland and Russia without GM'

"General Motors was far more important to the Nazi war machine than Switzerland," says researcher Bradford Snell. "Switzerland was just a repository of looted funds, while GM was an integral part of the German war effort. The Nazis could have invaded Poland and Russia without Switzerland.

After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939, GM Chairman Alfred P. Sloan commented that the Nazis’ behavior "should not be considered the business of the management of General Motors." The GM plant in Germany was highly profitable. "We have no right to shut down that plant," Sloan declared.

Article: GENERAL MOTORS & THE NAZIS - by Edwin Black
In a four-part, 10,000 word, special investigative series, Edwin Black chronicles General Motors extensive relationship with Nazi Germany. GM's Opel was the largest car and truck maker in the Third Reich. When Hitler came to power, his nation was still primarily a horse-drawn country. From the outset, GM consciously mass produced cars and truck for the German military, becoming a major and indispensable spear of Nazi rearmament. This included the Blitz truck which became the mainstay of the Blitzkrieg that conquered Europe. GM concealed its American control of Opel through special executives committees and board directorates. After the War, GM took all the profit, including that gained from slave labor. After a Congressional investigation, GM tried to obscure the facts and pressured Washington about a special report on the company's activities. To this day, the company frustrates research efforts into its protracted and profitable involvement in Nazi genocide.

FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Henry Ford, a notorious anti-Semite, formed a kind of mutual admiration society with Adolf Hitler. The German dictator enthusiastically applauded American mass-production techniques. "I regard Henry Ford as my inspiration," declared Hitler, who kept a life-size portrait of the American industrialist next to his desk. In 1938, Ford accepted the highest medal that Nazi Germany could award a foreigner, the Grand Cross of the German Eagle. Henry Ford was a major donor to the Nazi party.

U.S. Army Intelligence reported that the "real purpose" of the Ford truck assembly plant opened in Berlin in 1938 was to produce "troop transport-type vehicles for the Wehrmacht (German military).

Article: The Ford Motor Company and The Third Reich by Simon Reich by the Anti-Defamation League's Braun Holocaust Institute

Some aspects of Fordwerke's policies are largely undisputed: slave laborers were used at its Cologne plant between 1941 and 1945. Ford's German subsidiary felt so threatened by the hostility of the Third Reich that it consistently sought to ingratiate itself with the Nazi regime in order to keep the company viable. So were prisoners of war and foreign laborers, mostly from Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, but also from France and Italy.

Who was in charge of Fordwerke when it used slave labor (it is now generally accepted that this occurred between 1941 and 1945)? By the time that slave labor was introduced, Fordwerke was clearly under the direct control of the Nazi government, though administered through the company headquarters in Cologne (albeit by Robert Schmidt). The meetings of the board of directors had already been suspended, and didn't resume until after the war. Although the American parent company desperately sought to retain control of their German assets, they failed to do so. Fordwerke became an instrument of the Nazi state.

Fordwerke received compensation from the Nazi government for bombing damage in 1941. But a 1942 German law denied such recompense to businesses whose majority ownership was held by foreigners from hostile nations.

THE CURTISS-WRIGHT AVIATION COMPANY
Some sources claim Employees of Curtiss-Wright taught dive-bombing to Hitler's Luftwaffe.

STANDARD OIL
The oil giant developed and financed Germany's synthetic fuel program in partnership with the German chemical giant, I.G. Farben. As late as 1934, Germany was forced to import as much as 85% of it's pertroleum from abroad. This meant that a worldwide fuel embargo could stop Hitler's army overnight. To get around this threat, Nazi Germany began converting domestic coal into synthetic fuel using processes developed jointly by Standard Oil and I.G. Farben. Standard taught I.G. Farben how to make tetraethyl-lead and add it to gasoline to make leaded gasoline. This information was priceless; leaded gas was essential for modern mechanized warfare.

ITT (INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH)
IT&T owned substantial amounts of stock in several German armaments companies, including a 28% stake in Focke-Wolf, which built fighter aircraft for the German army. Unlike General Motors, IT&T was permitted to repatriate the profits it made in Germany, but it chose not to(?). Instead, the profits were reinvested in the German armaments industry.

According to Anthony Sutton, author of Wall Street and the Rise Of Hitler: "IT&T's purchase of substantial interest in Focke-Wolfe meant that IT&T was producing German planes used to kill Americans and their allies - and it made excellent profits out of the enterprise." IT&T also owned factories in the neutral countries of Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, and Sweden, which continued selling products to Axis countries.

CHASE NATIONAL BANK (later Chase Manhattan Bank)
Chase operated branches in Nazi-occupied Paris and handled accounts for the German embassy as well as German businesses operating in France. As late as 6 months before the start of World War II in Europe, Chase National Bank worked with the Nazis to raise money for Hitler from Nazi sympathizers in the U.S.

GE (GENERAL ELECTRIC)
Compared to Ford and General Motors, GE’s involvement appears less overt and extensive than that of the automakers. But it is nonetheless instructive, showing GE’s more complex relationship to the Third Reich. In its agreement with Krupp, GE agreed to sell tungsten carbide (also known as carboloy) only in the western hemisphere, and to pay royalties to Krupp. Gustav Krupp, owner of the company, was a major corporate backer of Adolf Hitler. Both before and after Hitler’s rise to power, GE’s royalties indirectly subsidized the Nazis. As late as August 1940, nearly a year after Hitler attacked Poland, GE was seeking renewal of its monopoly agreement with Krupp. But the GE-Krupp deal came to an end as a result of a lawsuit and an embargo. The U.S. government clamped down on shipments of money to the Nazis.

IBM
Refer to Edwin Black's website IBM and the Holocaust: the Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation. The stunning story of IBM's strategic alliance with Nazi Germany -beginning in 1933 in the first weeks that Hitler came to power and continuing well into World War II.

Article : IBM and Auschwitz By Edwin Black - The infamous Auschwitz tattoo began as an IBM number.
Article: IBM: And that’s How the Trains Ran on Time By Edwin Black – History News Network . When Hitler came to power, the world saw a menace to humanity. But IBM saw Nazi Germany as a lucrative trading partner.
Article: Hitler's Willing Business Partners - The Atlantic. A shocking account of IBM's complicity with the Nazis is a reminder that people bear moral responsibility for the actions of the corporation - a point that critics have failed to grasp.

SOME OTHER USEFUL LINKS
ARCHIVES AND ARTICLES
US Government Archives: TRADE WITH THE THIRD REICH Bibliography
Extracts From The Book: TRADING WITH THE ENEMY - American Money Plot 1933-1949 by Charles Higham
WALL STREET AND THE RISE OF HITLER By Antony C. Sutton
This is the final volume of a trilogy describing the role of the American corporate socialists, otherwise known as the Wall Street financial elite or the Eastern Liberal Establishment.
NAZI GERMANY'S OIL IMPORTS AND CONSUMPTION DURING WWII / THE ROLE OF SYNTHETIC FUEL IN WWII GERMANY – Air & Space Power Journal – Professional Journal of the US Air Force
NASTY BUSINESS Corporate Deals With Nazi Germany
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY UNDER THE NAZIS American Studies at the University of Virginia
"HELPING HITLER: NAZI SUPPORT FROM THE U.S."
While most Americans were appalled by the Nazis and the rearming of Germany in the 1930s, some of America's most powerful corporations were more concerned about making a buck from their German investments. Here are a few examples of how U.S. industrialists supported Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany.

BOOKS (Search Google Books for More Information)
ALLIANCES OF ENEMIES: The Untold Story of the Secret American and German Collaboration to End World War II By Agostino Von Hassell, Sigrid MacRae, Sigrid von Hoyningen-Huene MacRae, Simone Ameskamp
TRADING WITH THE ENEMY: An Exposé of the Nazi-American Money Plot, 1933-1949 By Charles Higham
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND NATIONAL WAR INTERESTS – Unilever Between Reich and Empire 1939-45 By Ben Wubs
DOING BUSINESS WITH THE NAZIS – Britain's Economic and Financial Relations with Germany, 1931-1939 By Neil Forbes (2001)
'MANAGING RISK IN THE THIRD REICH: British Business With Germany In the 1930s’ in: European Business, Dictatorships and Political Risk 1920-1945 By Neil Forbes (2004)
'THE CITY, BRITISH POLICY AND THE RISE OF THE THIRD REICH 1931-1937’ in: The British Government and the City of London in the Twentieth Century By Neil Forbes (2004)
HITLER AND HIS SECRET PARTNERS: Contributions, Loot and Rewards, 1933-1945 By James Pool

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DO NEUTRAL COUNTRIES EXIST DURING WAR AND PEACE TIME?
Extracts From Co-Opting Nazi Germany: Neutrality in Europe During World War II By Jonathan Petropoulos

SWITZERLAND
The Swiss bolstered the Nazi regime in many ways, ways that can be summarized by the following categories: border policies, opportunities for trade and financial transactions. The Swiss did establish a series of internment camps during the war to provide sanctuary for a precious few: 200,000 refugees of whom 20,000 were Jews. The Swiss Jewish community and other organizations were then charged a head tax to support them. Many others who were fleeing the Nazis were turned away by the Swiss -- 30,000 Jews in 1942 alone were denied entry. Very often, those who sought sanctuary were apprehended by Swiss authorities and then delivered either to the Germans themselves, or, in the case of refugees trying to enter Switzerland from France, to officials of the collaborationist Vichy government.

The Germans traded their coal for Swiss steel (among other products); Swiss armament producers, such as Oerlikon (known for multi-barrel antiaircraft guns), also sent their wares northward. Swiss rail officials cooperated completely with the Nazi government: Through the transalpine lifeline of Switzerland's St. Gotthard rail tunnel flowed supplies between the Axis partners Germany and Italy. As far as rail transport was concerned, Switzerland was effectively part of the Greater German Reich.

SWEDEN
Sweden, like Switzerland, was also deeply concerned about possible German aggression (especially after the occupation of Denmark and Norway, and Finland's entry into the war on the side of the Axis). Some of its policies toward the Reich are open to criticism, but the Swedes acted commendably by providing a safe haven for Danish Jews, and they gradually extricated themselves from Germany's political and economic network after 1943. The country supplied Germany with high-grade iron ore (30 percent of that used by the German armaments industry), as well as ball bearings, foodstuffs, wood, and many other raw materials. In matters of finance, the Swedes cooperated with Germany by providing credit, which allowed the delivery of vast quantities of military equipment to the Wehrmacht.

PORTUGAL
Salazar provided shipments of tungsten to the Third Reich that were important for the German armaments industry, and allowed both allied and axis espionage agents to operate in his country. (Portugal, in fact, like Switzerland, was a hive of spying during the Second World War.) Despite his ties to the Axis nations, Salazar also, at times, cooperated with the Allies. He leased bases in the Azores to the British, and he permitted many refugees who escaped the Nazis to travel through Lisbon, Portugal's capital.

SPAIN
In return for German arms, Franco eventually provided valuable mineral resources and other raw materials to the Reich. On December 22, 1939, Spain and Germany signed a treaty in which Franco "agreed to reserve the greater part of [his nation's] exports for Germany, in particular iron ore, zinc, lead, mercury, wolfram, wool, and hides." Spain, then, contributed significantly to the German war effort, at least up to the autumn of 1942.

POST WAR - SWITZERLAND AND HOLOCAUST ASSETS
Essential documents can be found HERE relating to the international dispute about the handling and recovering of the Holocaust assets includes The "Bergier Reports", The "Volcker Report", The "Eizenstat Reports".

U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II - Eizenstat Preliminary Study (May 1997) Full Report HERE (PDF)

Supplement to Eizenstat Preliminary Study on U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore Gold and other Assets, Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II (June 1998 )
Full Report HERE & Summary Report HERE

US Government Archives: NEUTRALITY WITH THE THIRD REICH Bibliography

Book: NAZI GERMANY AND NEUTRAL EUROPE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR: SYMPATHY FOR THE DEVIL? By Christian Leitz.
Each of the following five neutral countries had something which was essential for the Nazi war effort: gold and banking services (Switzerland), wolfram (Spain and Portugal), chromite (Turkey) and iron ore (Sweden). All five neutrals shared one thing in common: a strong and distressingly persistent commitment to trade with the Nazi regime, without a trace of moral scruple.

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PREVIOUS POSTS TO JUSTICE WILL BE SERVED RELATED TO THIS THEME
Burma/Myanmar International Joint Ventures - UN Security Council Members and the Junta - CAPITALIZING On Grief, Death and Human Rights Violations

Go To This Post For Numerous UDHR Translations:
UDHR (Universal Declaration Of Human Rights) in Arabic, Czech, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian & Spanish - Also Includes links to 359 translations of the UDHR.